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Unit 1a
Skill Acquisition Procedures: Shaping, Prompting & Fading, and Chaining
21
Psychology
Graduate
08/10/2013

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Term
Differential Reinforcement
Definition
Reinforcing some responses and not reinforcing other responses; Consists of two operations: reinforcement & extinction
Term
Shaping
Definition
Differential reinforcement of successive approximations to a target Bx; leads to differentiation and is used to establish a novel topography or dimension of a Bx
Term
Shaping Duration
Definition
The topography of the response doesn't change, the duration of the response changes
Term
Shaping Latency
Definition
The topography of the response doesn't change, the latency of the response changes
Term
Prompts
Definition
Supplementary antecedent stimuli used to evoke a correct response in the presence of an EO and/or SD that will eventually control the Bx; given before or during the performance of Bx
Term
Response Prompts
Definition
These prompts operate directly on the response
Term
Stimulus Prompts
Definition
These prompts operate directly on the antecedent task stimuli to cue a correct response in conjunction with the critical SD; makes the SD more salient
Term
Position cue, Movement cue, Redundancy of antecedent stimulia
Definition
Stimulus Prompts
Term
Verbal, Gestural, Modeling, Tactual 0r Physical, Physical or Manual Guidance
Definition
Types of Response Prompts
Term
Fading
Definition
Technique used to gradually transfer stimulus control from prompts to naturally occurring EO's and/or discriminative stimuli
Term
Graduated Guidance
Definition
hand-over-hand assistance and the combined use of physical prompting and fading, resulting in a systematic gradual reduction in the intensity of the physical prompting
Term
Most-to-least prompta
Definition
Fading out
Term
least-to-most prompts
Definition
Fading in
Term
Time delay
Definition
Constant or progressive
Term
Stimulus Fading
Definition
highlighting a physical dimension (color, size position) of a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a correct response
Term
Stimulus Shape Transformations
Definition
Use an initial stimulus shape that will prompt a correct respose; the initial shape is gradually changed to form the natural stimulus, while maintaining correct responsing
Term
Task Analysis
Definition
Breaking down a chain into its component responses, small teachable units
Term
Chaining
Definition
Procedure used to teach a chain; usually Backwards chaining is used
Term
Forward Chaining
Definition
Teach the chain beginning with the first action; tasks of moderate difficulty
Term
Total Task Chaining
Definition
Teach all tasks yet to be learned; for advanced learners
Term
Backwards Chaining
Definition
Teach tasks from the end of the chain and work backwards; good for more difficult tasks
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