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Unit 1
Nervous System Defects
9
Pathology
Undergraduate 2
01/24/2012

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

Definition
Abnormal growth of the blood vessels in the retina that occurs in infants born before 28 gestational weeks.
Term

 

 

 

Necrotizing Entercolitis (NEC)

Definition
acute inflammation of the mucosal lining of the intestines.
Term

 

 

 

Cerebral Palsy (CP)

Definition

Damage to the cerebral cortex due to inadequate blood or oxygen supply to the brain during fetal development, birthing process or early childhood.

Spastic cp 70% of cp cases charicterixed by hyperactive reflexes, rapid muscle contractions and scissor gait.

Athetoid cp 20% of cp cases characterized by involuntary muscle movements hypotonicity and difficulty with speech

Ataxic sp 10% of cp cases characterized by lack of control over voluntary movements poor balance and wide gait

Term

 

 

 

Muscular Dystrophy (MD)

Definition

Progressive degeneration of the skeletal muscles causing immobility, psuedohypertrophy of calf muscles because fat replaces atrophied muscles:

 

Duchenne MD- most common type; caused by an X-linked genetic defect' death usually occurs during the teenage years from cardiac or respiratory complications associated with immobility

Term

 

 

 

Spina Bifida

Definition

Neural tube defect; posterior portion of the vertevral canal containing teh spinal cord is partially or completely absent:

 

Spina Bifida Occulta- no herniation fo the meninges or spinal cord.

Meningocele- herniation of the meninges.

Myelomeningocele- herniation of teh menings and spinal cord.

Term

 

 

 

Hydrocephalus

Definition
Excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain due to increased production or a blockage of circulation causing increased intracranial pressure; fontanelles (Soft spots) bulge and skull sutures separate; shunt is placed in teh ventricular or subarachnoid spaces to drain off the excess CSF into the peritoneal cavity or the right atrium
Term

 

 

 

Anencephaly

Definition
Fetus or neonate without most or all of the brain.
Term

 

 

Cri-du-chat Syndrome (Cat's Cry Syndrome)

Definition
Hereditary defect with chromosome 5; characterized by microcephaly (small brain), mental retardation, and cat-like cry.
Term
Down syndrome
Definition

Defect with an extra chromosome 21 (trisomy 21); mild to severe mental retardation accompanied by characteristic:

 

Facial features- flat back skull, slant eyes, flat nasal bridge, low-set ears, protruding tongue.

Physical abnormalities- short stubby fingers, simian crease in hand.

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