Disease-causing microorganisms are called

pathogens

The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called

decomposers

The microorganisms that do not have a nucleus in their cells are called

prokaryotes

When humans manipulate that genes of microorganisms the process is called

genetic engineering

Which of the following is not considered a microorganism?

mosquito

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that

are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.

Which activity is an example of biotechnology?

humans using yeast to make beer and wine.

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?

lack of cell structure

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Pasteur used swan-neck flasks in his experiments to prove that

dust in air was a source of living microorganisms.

Which of the following is not a process in the scientific method?

a. belief in a preconceived idea

b. formulate a hypothesis

c. systematic observation

d. laboratory experimentation

e. development of a theory

A. belief in a preconceived idea

Spontaneous generation is the belief that

living things arise from nonliving matter

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that

a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease.

Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed?

a. species

b. phylum

c. kingdom

d. genus

e. family

C. Kingdom

Which of the following is a scientific name?

Bacillus subtilis

Taxonomy does not involve

Koch's postulates

The smallest and most significant taxon is

species

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called

phylogeny

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on

determining evolutionary relatedness.

A scientist discovers a new microbial species.  It is a single-celled eucaryote without cell walls.  In which kingdom will it likely be classified?

Protista

A scientist collects grass clippings to find the source of an outbreak of tularemia is an example of working in the field of

epidemiology.

Helminths are

parasitic worms

All of the following pertain to photosynthesis except 

it occurs only in members of the kingdom Plantae.

Organisms called parasites are

always harmful to their host.

The surgeon who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery was

Joseph Lister

Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis?

Robert Koch

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right)

family, genus, species

When assigning a scientific name to an organism

both genus and species names are italicized or underlined.

The scientist/s that proposed organisms be assigned to one of  domains is/are

Carl Woese and George Fox

In Whittaker's system, the protozoa and algae are classified in the kingdom

Protista

Which kingdom does not contain any eukaryotes?

Monera

Which of the following are the main decomposers of the earth?

bacteria and fungi

The most common infectious cause of death worldwide is

respiratory infections

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by mosquitoes?

malaria

All of the following are correct about prokaryotes except

they have organelles

All of the following contribute to the rise of emerging diseases except

the decrease in drug resistant bacteria

Which scientist discovered heat resistant bacterial spores?

Ferdinand Cohn

Which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name of this bacterium?

Staphylococcus aureus

Where are you most likely to find bacteria belonging to the domain Archaea?

in a hot spring

When microbes are introduced into the environment to restore stability, the process is called

bioremediation

Which of the following diseases probably involves microbial infection?

a. gastric ulcers

b. female infertility

c. coronary artery disease

d. cervical cancer

e. all of the choices are correct

All of the choices are correct

Members of the same species share many more characteristics compared to those shared by members of the same kingdom.

True

Viruses are not classified in any of Whittaker's 5 kingdoms.

True

Members of the kingdom Fungi are photosynthetic.

False

A scientist studying helminths is working with bacteria.

False

The fossil record has established that prokaryotes existed on earth for approximately 2 billion years before eukaryotes appeared.

True

It has been over 25 years since a new infectious disease has emerged in the world.

False

The term sterile means free of all life forms.

True

All microorganisms are parasites.

False

During a scientific experiment, the control group is used to directly test or measure the consequences of a variable in the study.

False

The scientific method involves formulating a tentative explanation, called the hypothesis, to account for what has been observed or measured.

True

Once an organism is assigned to a particular taxonomic hierarchy, it is permanent and cannot be revised.

False

A hypothesis must be tested before it can be considered a theory.

True

The names of the three proposed Domains are:  Bacteria, Protista, Eukarya

False

One distinguishing characteristic of the archaebacteria is that they live in extreme environments.

TRUE

His experimentation led to the explanation of heat-stabile and heat-labile organisms and the discovery of endospores.

Tyndall

Who established the criteria for identifying which specific organism caused a specific disease?

Koch

Which group of organisms is studied in the field of microbiology?

a. Monera

b. Protista

c. Helminths

d. Fungi

e. All of the above are studied

All of the above are studied.

This is present in eukaryotic but not in prokaryotic cells

organelles

Which of the following is not true of eukaryotic cells?

The chromosome is a single continuous thread.

A common bacterial agent of sore throats is Streptococcus pyongenes; the genus name is

Streptococcus

Pasteur and Tyndall experiments proved

microbes are transmitted via dust particles.

The level or organization that includes viruses

subcellular

The level of organization that could be appropriately exemplified by Bacillus subtilis

cellular

Discovered penicillin, which was the first antibiotic, in 1929.

Alexander Fleming

Genetic changes that were not present in the parent but enables survival of the offspring best describes

adaptation

Multicellular parasites that have a complex life cycle and may cause diseases in man

helminths

Dutch spectacle makers who are credited with the discovery of the first compound microscope, about 1590.

The Janssens

Prokaryotic cell division occurs via

binary fission

The type of cell that has a pronounced absence of membrane bound organelles

prokaryotic

Of the following, which is not true of viruses?

a. posses a protein coat

b. may direct its own replication through the use of the host cell's mechanisms

c. may infect bacteria

d. contains a molecule of DNA or RNA

e. all of the above are true

All of the above are true

Prokaryotic cells may best be described as

cells that have a pronounced absence of organelles

In which level of organization would viruses exist?

sub-cellular

The necessity for elaborate sterilization procedures in hospitals and canneries is due to

endospores

Which of Koch's postulates states that a particular microbe should be present in every case of that disease?

1

Which domain includes eukaryotic cells?

Eukarya

The following are parts of the scientific method except:

biological laws

Abiogenesis was finally disproved by the work of:

Pasteur

A clear association between contamination and infection from maternity wards with regards to child birth fever was demonstrated by:

Holmes

Protozoa belong to the Kingdom

Protista

The agent which causes AIDS is a

virus

A minute, highly durable body which develops in some bacteria that is very resistant to the environment

endospore

This is the study of the systems for disease resistance

immunology

This is the process of an organism coping with its environment

adaptation

This is the disproven idea that life arose from nonliving matter

abiogenesis

Who was the virologist that developed the first polio vaccine?

Jonas Salk

What is number 2 of Koch's Postulates?

isolate the microbe and grow in a pure culture in the lab

The smallest taxonomic group in the taxonomic classification scheme is

Species

Although impossible to prove, when using the scientific method, ______ is a scientific theme that attempts to explain biological observed data or information.  This is step 2 in the scientific method.

a hypothesis

In which level of organization do bacteria exist?

cellular

dealt final defeat to theory of abiogenesis: Louis Pasteur

Discovered cells under a microscope: Robert Hooke

Used a recombinant DNA technique to place plant and animal genes in the bacteria E. coli: Stanley Cohen

Discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin: Alexander Fleming

Linked mosquitoes to the spread of Yellow Fever: Walter Reed

Built the earliest known compund microscope: Janssesns

One of the first in the first to use antiseptics in surgery: Joseph Lister

Developed and used four postulates which were used in sequence to prove that a certain microorganism caused a certain disease: Robert Koch

Crystalized and studied the tobacco mosaic virus: Wendell Stanley

Discovered the causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Howard Ricketts

Discovered heat stability is linked to the presence of endospores: John Tyndall

Developed the rabies vaccine and the anthrax vaccine for sheep: Louis Pasteur

Devised a model of the structure of DNA: Watson & Crick

Developed the first oral polio vaccine: Albert Sabin

Developed recombinant techniques and developed the field of modern molecular genetics: Frederick Griffith

Developed the vaccine for small pox: Edward Jenner

Helped disprove the theory of spontaneous generation with his famous meat experiment: Francesco Redi

Discovered the causative agent of anthrax: Robert Koch

Developed the handwashing technique: Ignaz Semmelweis

He is sometimes called the "Father of Bacteriology and Protozoology.": Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Cloned the first DNA using plasmids: Stanley Cohen