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Unit 1-Cardiac Drugs
Cardiac Drugs
21
Nursing
Professional
03/07/2011

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Nitroglycerin
Definition

Promotes vasodilation primarily on veins and modestly on arterioles.  Thus it decreases both preload and afterload.

 

Used for stable and variant angina

 

S/E:  hypotension, reflex tachycardia, and H/A

Term
Beta Blockers
Definition

" - LOL"  Metoprolol

 

Decreases HR and contractility.

 

A slower HR increases time in diastole => heart spends more time resting and blood spends more time in cardiac vessels.

 

Affects afterload

Term
Calcium Channel Blockers
Definition

Nifedipine, Diltiazem, Verapamil

 

Block calcium channels in arterioles = Dec. Afterload


Blocks Ca++ in myocardium = Dec. HR, conduction, contractility

Term
MONA
Definition

Morphine

 

Oxygen Supplement

 

Nitroglycerin

 

Aspirin

Term
Atropine
Definition
Muscarininc antagonist (anticholinergic):  increases HR, used for bradycardia
Term
Thiazide
Definition
Diuretic used for long term therapy of HF.  Ineffective if GFR low.  Does not spare potassium.
Term
Furosemide
Definition
High Ceiling Loop Diuretic:  produces profound diuresis and can promote fluid loss even with low GFR.  Does not spare potassium.
Term
Spirinolactone
Definition
Potassium Sparing Diuretic:  promotes only scant diuresis.  Offsets potassium loss caused by furosemide and HTZ.
Term
ACE Inhibitors
Definition

"- PRIL"

 

Improve function of heart and prolong life.  Blocks production of angiotensin II, decreases release of aldosterone, and suppresses degradation of kinins.

Term
Dobutamine and Dopamine
Definition
Inotropic Agents:  activate beta1 adrenergic receptors thus increasing myocardial contractility and thus myocardial performance.
Term
Digoxin
Definition
Cardiac Glycoside:  increases myocardial contractility, thus increasing CO.  Does not prolong life.

NARROW THERAPEUTIC RANGE:  serum potassium levels must be kept within normal range.
Term

Class I Antidysrhythmics:


Sodium Channel Blockers

Definition
Quinidine and Lidocaine:  blocks sodium channels thus slowing conduction velocity in heart and delaying repolarization.  Used for supraventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias
Term

Class II Antidysrhythmics:

 

Beta Blockers

Definition
Metoprolol:  Bloocs cardiac Beta 1 receptors resulting in decreased automaticity of SA node, and decreased conduction through AV node.  Decreases myocardial contractility.  Used for tachycardia and other dysrhythmias d/t excessive SNS stimulation
Term

Class III Antidysrhthmias:

 

Potassium Channel Blockers

Definition
Amiodarone:  delays repolarization.  May reduce automaticity in SA node, decrease contractility, and decrease conduction in AV node.
Term

Class IV Antidysrhythmias:

 

Calcium Channel Blockers

Definition

Slow SA node automaticity, delay AV node conduction and reduce myocardial contractility.

 

Important NOTE: Only diltiazem & verapamil used for dysrhythmias! The "-dipines" are used for vasodilatory effects to ↓cardiac workload or ↓BP

Term
Adenosine
Definition

Decreases automaticity in SA node and slows conduction through AV node. 

 

Used ONLY for paroxysmal SVT.  Not effective against A-fib/flutter or VD.

 

Half life < 1 minute

Term
Hydralazine
Definition
Causes selective dilation of arterioles, thus decreasing afterload.
Term
Heparin
Definition
Anticoagulant:  reduces formation of fibrin.  Most effective against arterial thrombosis.
Term
Aspirin
Definition
Antiplatelet:  prevents platelets from aggregating to form clots.  Most effective against venous thrombosis.
Term
Alteplase, Streptokinase
Definition
Thrombolytics:  promote lysis of fibrin, thus causing dissolution of thrombi
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