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Ultimate chemistry Study Cards
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64
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
05/09/2013

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Term
Chemistry
Definition
Science that describes matter
Term
Matter
Definition
has mass and occupies space
Term
Energy
Definition
capacity to do work
Term
Exothermic
Definition
heat released
Term
Endothermic
Definition
heat absorbed
Term
Kinetic Energy
Definition
energy due to motion
Term
Potential Energy
Definition
stored energy
Term
Compound
Definition
combination of 2 or more elements
Term
Elements
Definition
a pure substance that can not be broken down
Term
What is the simplest unit in an element?
Definition
An atom/molecule
Term
Polyatomic molecule
Definition
many atom molecule
Term
What are the three states of matter?
Definition
solid, liquid, gas
Term
What constitutes a physical change?
Definition
phase changes: melting, freezing,evaporation, boiling, condensation, sublimation, deposition,
Term
What constitutes a chemical change?
Definition
When it becomes a whole different substance. rust, burning, fermentation
-1 or more substances used up/formed
-energy release/absorbed
Term
Heterogeneous Mixture
Definition
2 or more substances that DO NOT mix-different throughout
Term
Homogeneous Mixture
Definition
2 or more substances that do mix-same throughout
Term
Cations
Definition
positive charge
Term
Anions
Definition
Negative Charge
Term
What consists a simple solution?
Definition
solute:gets dissovled
solvent
Term
What are the amount comparisons between a solvent and solute?
Definition
solvent is in SMALLER amounts than a solute
Term
What does balancing an equation require?
Definition
the same number and type of atoms on both sides of equation
Term
Properties of an aqueous solution:
Definition
-water is a solvent
-compound is solute
-homogeneous mixture
-solute either liquid or solid at room temperature
*Its is a compound dissolved in water
Term
What are the 3 subatomic particles and their charges?
Definition
Neutron-neutral-heavy
Proton-positive-heavy
Electron-negative-light
Term
What will happen if all substances in an equation are ALL soluble?
Definition
NO REACTION will occur
Term
In an aqueous solution, an acid and base have what kind of ions?
Definition
Acid-OH- ions
base-H+ ions
Term
Oxidation Reduction
Definition
transfer of electrons from one compound to another
Term
What happens when you change the amount of subatomic particles in an element?
Definition
Neutron-isotope
Election-ion
Proton-DIFFERENT element
Term
Atomic Composition
Definition
the number of protons, electron and neutrons in an atom
Term
Atomic Number
Definition
defined by proton number and EQUAL to electrons
Term
Mass Number
Definition
proton and neutrons
Term
Groups/families are..
Definition
vertical
Term
periods/rows are..
Definition
horizontal
Term
What are the main group elements?
Definition
1-Alkali Metals
2-Alkaline Earth Metals
7-Halogens
8-Noble Gases
Term
Ionization Energy
Definition
energy required to remove an electron
Term
Electronegativity
Definition
measure of "electron greed"-attract electrons to itself
Term
Ionic Size
Definition
size of an ion
Term
What is the oxidation number if the element is alone?
Definition
ALWAYS 0
Term
Ammonium
Definition
NH4+
Term
OH-
Definition
Hydroxide
Term
Nitrate
Definition
NO3-
Term
CLO3-
Definition
Chlorate
Term
Acetate
Definition
C2H3O2
Term
Carbonate
Definition
CO3-2
Term
Sulfate
Definition
SO4-2
Term
PO4-3
Definition
Phosphate
Term
Valence Electrons are the...
Definition
outermost electrons
Term
Octet Rule
Definition
Most atoms what 8 valence electrons
Exceptions:
H and He: want 2
Be: wants 4
Grp. 3: wants 6
Term
Ionic Compounds
Definition
-soluble
Term
Chemical Bonding
Definition
forces that hold atoms together
Term
Ionic Compounds
Definition
-different electronegativities
-nonmetal x metal
-1.8+
-high melting points >400
-solids
Term
Covalent Compounds
Definition
-similar electronegativities
-nonmetal x nonmetal
-.4 of less
-no ions(CH4, CL2)
-low melting points <300
-liquid, gases, and solids
Term
Nonpolar Bond
Definition
shared equally
-2 of the same atom=non polar
-electronegativity differences: 0-.45
Term
Polar Bond
Definition
Shared unequally
-dissolves in water
-electronegativity differences:.45-1.75
Term
What is the central atom?
Definition
atom bonded to more than 1 atom
Term
Electron Group
Definition
regions of high electron density
Term
What dictates the shape of an atom?
Definition
the central atom
Term
Dipole Dipole
Definition
-between nonmetal x nonmetal
-polar
Term
Ion-ion
Definition
-nonmetal x metal
-strongest
Term
H bonding
Definition
a strong dipole dipole
H with NOF
Term
Water is
Definition
polar
Term
Oil is
Definition
non polar
Term
Like dissolves like=
Definition
polar dissolves polar
non polar dissolves non polar
Term
Molecular Polarity
Definition
whether or not electrons are evenly distributed in a molecule
Term
Molecular shape
Definition
arrangement of atoms
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