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treatment of psych disorders
na
62
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/07/2012

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Term
biological treatments include:
Definition
drug therapies
psychotherapy
electric therapy
Term
drug therapies are for
Definition
mood and anxiety disorders
Term
o Monoamine oxidaze inhibitors (MAOIs
Definition
slow the breakdown of monoamine NT (serotonin, dopamine, nore, epinephrine) in the brain
Term
Monoamine oxidaze inhibitors (MAOIs) used for:
Definition
Depression, sometimes anxiety
• People with depression have lower levels of serotonin in brain, so this treatment causes the slow down the use/processing of serotonin
Term
Tricyclic antidepressants
Definition
- block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
Term
Tricyclic antidepressants used for
Definition
depression, sometimes ADHD.
Term
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)-
Definition
only block reuptake of serotonin (not norepinephrine)
Term
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) used for:
Definition
• Used for depression, sometimes anxiety
• Most commonly used today.
Term
Bupropione-
Definition
inhibits reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine
Term
Bupropione used for:
Definition
• Used for depression.
• Same type of idea of SSRIs, but not serotonin
Term
effecriveness of SSRIs and tricyclics
Definition
• SSRIs and tricyclics are comparable in efficacy, but used more bc they have less side effects in SSRIs
Term
SSRIs work well with ppl with:
Definition
severe depression (51%)
Term
• Benzodiazepines-
Definition
commonly prescribed anxiolytic that produces calming effects
Term
• Barbiturates-
Definition
another commonly prescribed anxiolytic
anxiety
high risk of OD
Term
barbiturate and benzodiazepines are used in combo with -- and can result with--
Definition
• Both are often used in combination with SSRIs and can result in severe withdrawal.
Term
• Lithium-
Definition
a salt that is effective in stabilizing mania
bipolar disorder
Term
effectiveness of lithium
Definition
o Works in long-term
o Weak in treating acute phases of mania
o Anticonvulsants and antipsychotics work about the same, with less side effects.
o Needs to be monitored bc OD and dosage level are very close.
Term
drugs for schizophrenia
Definition
Phenothiazines
Traditional antipsychotics-
Atypical antipsychotics-
Term
Phenothiazines-
Definition
drug that diminishes hallucinations, confusion, agitation, and paranoia by blocking dopamine receptors
Term
• Traditional antipsychotics-
Definition
phenothiazines and haloperidol; first drugs used to manage psychotic symptoms
Term
Traditional antipsychotics can result in
Definition
• Tardive dyskinesia- repetitive, involuntary movements of jaw, tongue, face and mouth.
Term
Atypical antipsychotics-
Definition
block a different type of dopamine receptor
• No tardive dyskinesia
• Some people get tremors, weight gain, cancer
Term
• Effectiveness of typical and atypical antipsychotics: (work best for people with:)
Definition
• Positve symptoms (outerward)
• Side effects, regulations, and nature prevent a lot of people to continue use of these drugs.
Term
• Psychosurgery
Definition
o Prefrontal lobotomy
Term
Prefrontal lobotomy
Definition
surgery in which the connections between the PFC (thinking) and lower portion (emotion) of the brain are severed.
Term
issues with prefrontal lobotomy
use today:
Definition
• PFC is not only associated with thinking but also with planning, social interaction, motivation, and therefore caused a lot of issues.
• Usuage decreased with advent of antipsychotics
• Side effects with antipsychotics stop with use, but lobotomy was permanant.
Term
• Electric Therapies.
Definition
o Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-
Term
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-
effectiveness-
Definition
involves passing an electrical current through a person’s brain to cause a seizure.
o Effectiveness:
• Relieves symptoms of severe depression, as long as it is regularly used
Term
problem for Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Definition
• Can create permanent memory loss.
Term
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) electrodes placed in area
Definition
25; junction that controls moods
Term
• Psychotherapy:
Definition
use of psychological techniques to modify maladaptive behaviors or thought patterns (or both)
Term
• Sigmund Freud developed:
Definition
Psychoanalytic therapy: approach orientated toward major personality change with a focus on uncovering unconscious motives
Term
what was coined by Freud and what is it
Definition
o Hysteria (coined by freud) :
• Freud’s first patients: women who exhibited physical symptoms but had no detectable physical disorders (somatoform disorder-like)
• Freud: symptoms were related to unconscious emotional events which are called hysterical conversion
Term
2 defense mechanisms coined by Freud
Definition
repression and resistance
Term
repression
Definition
- (Freud’s most proud and original idea)- force that prevents the active re-experienceing of a traumatic memory,
Term
resistance
Definition
• Resistance: force that blocks free association (talk therapy
Term
Freud believed Dreams
Definition
• Wish fulfillment hypothesis
• Dreams express hidden desires and wants.
Term
techniques for dream interpretation
Definition
• Free association: patient takes an image or idea from a dream and says whatever comes to mind regarding that image or idea.
• Symbolism: Translation of images from dreams into what they represent in the real world.
Term
transferance
Definition
a patient reacts to a person in a present relationship as though that person were someone from the patient’s past.
• In therapy: Analyst becomes target. Client becomes sexually attracted to therapist/ or starts hating them.
Term
legacy of psychoanalytic theries
Definition
• Physical symptoms as a result of psychological distress.
• Role of unconscious processes
• Original form of “talk therapy”
Term
weaknesses of psychoanalytic theories
Definition
• Based on small sample of patients
o Brewer’s patient of Anna O.
• Theoretical concepts based on speculation, rather than empirical evidence
• Intolerance of criticism on theories
Term
humanistic theory developed by
Definition
carl rodgers 1950
Term
carl rodgers and humanistic theories believed disorder are result of
Definition
result of loss of self-worth
• Results from worrying about what other people think
Term
goals of humanistic theory
Definition
• To create an atmosphere of trust and understanding rather than judgment.
• To help the client reach her/his greatest potential. “be the best you can be”
Term
humanistic theory developed
Definition
Client-centered therapy- therapist shows unconditional positive regard for the client
Term
behvioral treatment assumptions:
Definition
• Maladaptive behaviors are a product of learning
• These behaviors can be unlearned
Term
behavioral treatment focus
Definition
o Focus on changing behaviors, rather than thoughts, feelings or motives.
Term
behavioral treatment uses principles of: and used for people with
Definition
• Use principles of classical and operant conditioning
• Pavlov dog conditioning-stuff put into therapy.
• Operant behavior: rewards/punishments
• Often used in substance abuse people
• Rewards for sobriety.
• Change behaviors, not thoughts (thoughts follow suit).
Term
• Behavioral Treatment Types:
Definition
token economy
systematic desensitization
Term
token economy
Definition
o Desired behaviors are positively reinforced with tokens • Child gets sticker for not hitting brother
Tokens can be saved and exchanged for priviledges
Term
Systematic desensitization-
Definition
pairing of relaxation techniques with gradual exposure to a phobic object
Term
Systematic desensitization is great for
Definition
getting over fears and phobias
Hierarchy is used
Term
o Cognitive therapies-
Definition
any therapies that work to restructure irrational thought • Opposite of behavioral treatment.
• Start w/ correcting the thoughts
Term
o Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT):
Definition
combines techniques for restructuring irrational thoughts with operant and classical conditioning
• Most widely used therapy today
• Encourages reappraisal of potential emotional threats
Term
Group Therapy
Definition
• Several people who share a common problem meet together regularly with a therapist
Term
• Support Group:
Definition
o Meeting of people who share a common situation (substance use AA)
• Disorder
• Disease
o May not be led by a therapist
o Less structured than group therapy.
Term
Effectiveness of Psychological Treatments
Definition
• Smith & Glass, 1977
o Any kid of therapy is better than none at all
• Usefulness often depends on nature of the client’s disorder
Term
dodo bird verdict
Definition
o Most forms of therapy are effective with few significant differences You’re all winners, you all got to the point you needed to.
Term
• Drugs and psychotherapy Most effective in treating -- with combination of --
Definition
depression by using SSRI's and cognitive-behavioral therapy
Term
• Integrative therapies-
Definition
eclectic approach using treatment approaches from various types of psychotherapy.
Term
o Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)
Definition
• Combines CBT and mindfulness meditation
• Teaches clients to recognize thoughts without judgment and to restructure them.
Term
o Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
Definition
• Similar to MBCT minus meditation
• Used for treating borderline personality disorder
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