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Details

Toxicology - Specifics - updated
Pharm Assessment 12
18
Pharmacology
Graduate
01/24/2012

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
How do Cyanide Kits work?
Definition

Sodium nitrite + Sodium thiosulfate + Amyl nitrite inhaled

 

Amyl nitrite + IV sodium nitrite converts some hemoglobin-> methemoglobin

 

Cyanide drawn to methemoglobin-> cyanmethemoglobin

 

Sodium thiosulfate+ cyanmethamoglobin -> thiocyanate, releaseing hemoglobin

 

Thiocyanate excreted in urine

Term
How is Hydrocarbon toxication treated?
Definition

Decontaminate and ABC's

 

Mg and K for arrhythmias

 

Lidocaine or beta blockers for V-fib

 

*Charcoal doesn't work*

Term
What are the Insecticides? What kind of intoxication can they cause? What are the side effects?
Definition

Organophosphates - malathion Carbamates - Carbofuran

 

Inhibit acetylcholinesterase

 

Salivation Lacrimation Urination Defecation GI symptoms Emesis Bronchorrhea Bronchospasm Bradycardia

Term
How are Insecticide intoxications treated?
Definition

Supportive treatment

Atropine

Term
What are the nerve gases? How are they treated?
Definition
Phosphates + Sarin Soman VX Pralidoxime (2PAM) IV infusion
Term
What kind of injury do caustic acids cause?
Definition

Coagulation necrosis

 

Stomach most commonly involved

Term
What kind of injury do caustic Alkalines cause?
Definition

Liquefactive necrosis

 

Epithelium of oropharynx, hypopharynx, and esophagus

Term
What enzymes does Lead inhibit in Heme production?
Definition

d-ALA dehydratase and ferrochelatase

 

Interferes with heme synthesis by blocking incorporation of iron into protoporphyrin IX

Term
What is the progression of symptoms of Lead Toxicity?
Definition

Colic and Constipation

(Na/K-ATPase inhibition)

 

Slowed Nerve Conduction

(Schwann cell destruction and demyelination)

 

Lead Anemia

(Micro-/normo-cytic hypochromic w/ reticulocytosis)

 

Acute impairment of proximal tubule fxn CNS encephalopathy

Term
How is Lead Toxicity treated?
Definition

Chelation Therapy

 

Succimer - mild/asymptomatic cases

(Approved for children)

 

Dimercaprol - severe symptoms & encephalopathy

 

Calcium EDTA - only w/ Dimercaprol

Term
What does chronic Arsenic exposure cause?
Definition

hyperpigmentation

Palmar and Solar keratoses

Malignant Change in all organs of the body

Term
What is the treatment for Arsenic Poisoning?
Definition

Dimercaprol - in peanut oil #1

 

Succimer - bead-filled oral capsule

Term
What can cause interstitial pneumonitis with vapor exposure?
Definition
Mercury
Term
How is Mercury Poisoning treated?
Definition
Succimer
Term
What is the progression of Iron Toxicity?
Definition

Nausea & hemorrhagic diarrhea with abdominal pain

 

6-12hrs-> resolution of GI symptoms & apparent recovery

 

>24hrs-> Metabolic Acidosis

 

Long Term-> GI tract scarring with obstruction

Term
What is the first choice for Iron intoxication treatment?
Definition

Deferoxamine IV infusion

 

Urine Red discoloration, tachycardia, hypotension, shock

Term
What are the major indications for antivenom treatment for a snake bite?
Definition

Rapid progression of swelling

Significant coagulation defect
Neuromuscular paralysis CV collapse

Term
What is the antivenom for snake bites?
Definition
CroFAB

utilizes smaller antibody fragments, less likely to induce antibody host response
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