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Top 200 Drugs-Lecture 1
Lecture 1
40
Pharmacology
Graduate
08/21/2013

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What are 3 defensive response mechanisms of the immune system to foreign objects or tissue damage?
Definition

Asthama

Arthritis

Trauma

Term
What are 4 signs and/or symptoms of defensive response mechanisms of the immune system to foreign objects or tissue damage?
Definition

Redness

Pain/tenderness

Swelling

Warmth

Term
Acute pain
Definition
Temporary signal warning individuals of a disease, condition or harmful situation
Term
Chronic pain
Definition
Pain persisting for months to years
Term
Analgesic
Definition
Medication used to alleviate pain
Term
What 3 things can cause a fever?
Definition

Infection

Inflammation

Tissue damage

Term
What is an Antipyretic?
Definition
medication used to treat fever
Term
Name 3 antipyretics used to treat fever
Definition

Ibuprofen (although all NSAIDs can treat fever)

Acetaminophen

Aspirin

Term
Is Acetaminophen a NSAID?
Definition
NO! It is usef for pain and fever, but has little anti-inflammatory activity.
Term
What is the max dose for Acetominophen?
Definition
4 g/day
Term
What 2 risks are associated with acetaminophen?
Definition

1. Liver toxicity: east to overdose by mistakenly taking multiple acetaminophen containing products.

 

2. Hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions (although rare)

Term
Acetaminophen is available OTC in what forms?
Definition
Alone as Tylenol and in several combination cough and cold products.
Term
Acetaminophen is available by prescription only as what products?
Definition

(mostly combination pain medications)

Percocet

Lorcet

Tylenol #3

Ultracet

Term
When to use NSAIDs (2)?
Definition

1. Alalgesia (relief of pain)-especially associated with inflammation

      -mild to moderate pain (alone)

      -moderate to severe pain (with other pain meds)

 

2. Fever

Term
COX stands for
Definition
Cyclooxygenase
Term

COX-I

(2 points)

Definition

COX-I -> Good

 

1. Protects gastrointestinal tract by creating pretective protsglandins

2. Produced in most tissues

Term

COX-II 

(3 points)

Definition

COX-II -> Bad

1. Not produced normally in most tissues

2. Production is increased in the presence of inflammation and tissue damage

3. Forms prostaglandins that contribute to pain and inflammation

Term
Name brand and generic name of the 4 NSAIDs
Definition

Brand              Generic

Motrin              Ibuprofen

Naprosyn          Naproxen

Mobic              Meloxicam

Celebrex           Celecoxib

Term
Describe what happends when NSAIDs block COX-I/ COX-II
Definition
Stops the formation of Prostaglandins, which directly stops the inflammation and pain
Term
Common gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions of NSAIDs (2)
Definition

nasusea

heartburn

Term
Common cardiovascular Adverse Reactions of NSAIDs (2)
Definition

increased blood pressure

increased fluid accumulation

Term
Serious Adverse Reactions of NSAIDs (2)
Definition

Gastrointestinal -> bleeding/ulceration

-due to direct GI irritation and decrease in prostaglandins

 

Kidney (renal) failure -> especially when combined with other meds that can damage kidneys

Term
Avoid NSAIDs or moniter closely in patients with (6)
Definition

1. History of gastric/peptic ulcer disease or bleeding

2. High blood pressure (HTN)

3. Kidney disease (renal)

4. Elderly patients (>65 years)

5. Congestive heart failure

6. Cardiac diseases (heart attack, stroke, blood clot)

Term

Black Box Warning

Increased risk of fatality related to (3):

Definition

1. Cardiovacular:

  • thrombotic events (blood clots)
  • myocardial infarction (heart attack)
  • stroke

2. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG)

3. Gastrointestinal:

  • bleeding
  • ulceration
  • perforation 
Term
Why choose for COX-II selective medication?
Definition

Theory is to avoid COX-I inhibition to preserve GI protective prostaglandins.

  • All but celecoxib (Celebrex) were removed from the market due to increase in CV events
Term
For Ibuprofen list the availability and selectivity
Definition

1. Availability: OTC (Advil, Motrin) & Rx

2. Selectivity: COX-I & COX-II

 

Term
For Naproxen list the availability and selectivity
Definition

1. Availability: OTC (Aleve) & Rx

2. Selectivity:COX-I & COX-II

Term
For Meloxicam list the availability and selectivity
Definition
1. Rx only
2. COX-II > COX-I
Term
For Celecoxib list the availability and selectivity
Definition
1. Availability: Rx only
2. Selectivity: COX-II selective
Term
List 5 things you as a pharmacist should counsel patients on:
Definition
1. Take with food to decrease GI effects
2. Tell pharmacist/physician when taking aspirin
3. Do not take more than recommended maximum dose
4. Do not take with alcohol -> may increase GI effects
5. Those with high blood pressure should monitor at home while taking
Term
What is the pediatric fever dosing for Ibuprofen (Motrin)?
Definition
1. Temp< 102.5 F = 5mg/kg/dose every 6 to 8 hrs
2. Temp> 102.5 F = 10 mg/kg/dose every 6 to 8 hrs
DO NOT EXCEED 40 mg/kg/day
Term
How many pounds (lbs) are in 1 kg?
Definition
2.2 pounds (lbs) = 1 kg
Term
What are the available pediatric formulations of Ibuprofen for fever dosing?
Definition
Children's suspension = 100 mg/5 mL
Infants suspension (drops) = 40 mg/mL
Term
What is the pediatric fever dosing for Acetaminophen (Tylenol)?
Definition
10-15 mg/kg/dose every 4 to 6 hours
Do not exceed 5 doses/day or 2.6 grams/day
Term
For fever dosing of acetaminophen (Tylenol) what are the available pediatric formulations?
Definition
Children's solution = 160 mg/5 mL
Infant's solution (drops) = 80 mg/ 0.8 mL
Term
What is the pharmacological classification of Aspirin (ASA)?
Definition
Anti-inflammatory analgesic (similar to NSAIDs)
Platelet inhibitor
Term
Indications for need of Aspirin (ASA) use (3)
Definition
Pain
Prevention and treatment in cardiac diseases (heart attack, stroke, after cardiac stent placement)
Fever
Term
What is the dosing for Aspirin (ASA)
Definition
Low dose (cardiac) - 75-325 mg daily
High dose (pain/fever)- 325-1000 mg every 4 to 6 hours (max 4g/day)
Term
What are the side effects for Aspirin (ASA)
Definition
Bleeding! & GI ulceration
Reye's syndrome (AVOID IN CHILDREN)
Term
Name the Brand and Generic name for tylenol
Definition
Brand: Tylenol
Generic: Acetaminophen
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