Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Top 200 drugs
Currently top 1-50, plus major side effects or special considerations
73
Pharmacology
Professional
10/01/2015

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Cards

Term
Oxycodone with APAP
Definition
Analgesic
Percocet, Roxicet, Endocet
5-10mg with 325mg
Avoid with alcohol
Dizziness, Drowsiness, constipation
habit forming
Term
Hydrocodone with APAP
Definition
Analgesic
Lortab, Norco, Vicodin, Lorcet
5-10mg with 300-325mg
Avoid with alcohol and MAOI
Dizziness, drowsiness, constipation
habit forming
Term
Tramadol
Definition
Analgesic
Ultram (ER), Ryzolt
50mg IR, 100-300mg ER
May potentiate effects of CNS depressents/MAOIs/tricyclic antidepressants
Dizzines, nausea, constipation, cns stimulation,
drowsiness, avoid alcohol, take with food (effects may be delayed)
Term
Fluticasone
Definition
Anti-allergy
Flonase
50mcg
synergistic when taken with systemic corticosteroids
nasal burning, epistaxis
therapeutic effects not immediate, take few days to 3 weeks
Term
Montelukast
Definition
Singulair
Anti-allergy/Anti-asthmatic
10mg
not indicated for acute asthma attacks
headache, flu, cough
For chronic treatment of asthma
Term
Albuterol
Definition
Proventil, Ventolin, Proair
Anti-asthmatic
90mcg
AVOID MAOI's
Nausea, vomiting, headache
Do not take more frequently than recommended
Term
Amoxicillin
Definition
Amoxil, Moxitag, trimox
Antibiotic
250mg, 500mg capsules, 875 tablets, 125/5mL and 250/5mL suspension
Changes in GI flora may disrupt oral contraceptives
DIARRHEA, RASH
take on an empty stomach, complete full course of therapy
Term
Azithromycin
Definition
Antibiotic (macrolide)
Zithromax, Zmax
250mg, 500mg, 100/5mL, 200/5mL
Antacids slow absorption
DIARRHEA, nausea
tablets and suspensions with food, Zmax on an empty stomach, avoid antacids
Term
Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim
Definition
Antibiotic
Bactrim, Septra
800/160, 400/80mg==
May decrease effects of cyclosporine, not for use <2yo
DIARRHEA, RASH, light sensitivity
take on empty stomach (1 hour before or 2 hours after)
Term
Lorazepam
Definition
Anti-anxiety
ativan
0.5, 1, 2mg
drowsiness, dizziness, weakness
may be habit forming, avoid alcohol
Term
Alprazolam
Definition
Anti-anxiety agent
Xanax (XR)
0.25, 0.5, 1mg, 2mg, (0.5-3mg ER)
Oral contraceptives increase effects of alprazolam
drowsiness and hypotension
habit forming, avoid with alcohol
Term
Warfarin
Definition
Coumadin, Jantoven
anti-coagulants
1-10mg
ENHANCED EFFECTS WITH ETOH, AND OTHER CYP3A4 METABOLIZERS. Contraindicated in pregnancy (X)
Unusual or unexpected BLEEDING, and FEVER
Avoid alcohol and aspirin
Term
Divalproex
Definition
Depakote (ER)
anticonvulsant/antipsychotics
125, 250, 500mg
Contraindicated with hepatic disease
Nasea, asthenia, somnolence
drowsiness will increase with alcohol
Term
Gabapentin
Definition
Neurontin, Gralise
Anticonvulsant, anti-neuralgic
100mg-800mg, 300-600mg ER
Antacids decrease bioavailability
Somnolence, dizziness, ataxia
Avoid alcohol, do not abruptly discontinue
Term
Duloxetine
Definition
Cymbalta
Anti-depressant
20-60mg
AVOID MAOIS, WATCH FOR SUICIDAL TENDENCIES
Nausea, dry mouth, constipation
May cause drowsiness, avoid alcohol
Term
Amitriptyline
Definition
Elavil
Anti-depressant
10mg-150mg
AVOID WITH MAOIS
Tachycardia, dry mouth, vomiting
may cause drowsiness, avoid alcohol
Term
Citalopram
Definition
Celexa
Antidepressant
10-40mg
AVOID MAOIS, WATCH FOR SUICIDAL TENDENCIES
Nausea, dry mouth, somnolence
do not abruptly discontinue
Term
Fluoxetine
Definition
Prozac, Sarafem
Antidepressant
10-40mg
AVOID MAOIS, WATCH FOR SUICIDAL TENDENCIES
Nausea, headache
may cause drowsiness, increase suicidal thoughts
Term
Sertraline
Definition
Zoloft
antidepressant
25-100mg
AVOID MAOIS, WATCH FOR SUICIDAL TENDENCIES
Nausea, diarrhea
avoid alcohol, do not stop therapy before consultation with physician
Term
Trazodone
Definition
desyrel
Antidepressant
50-150mg
Avoid grapefruit juice
PRIAPISM, drowsiness, dry mouth hypotension, avoid alcohol
take with food to increase absorption
Term
Insulin Glargine
Definition
Lantus
Anti-diabetic
100 units/mL
Decreased hypoglycemic effects with corticosteroids
Pain at the injection site
Follow diet closely
Term
Metformin
Definition
Glucophage (XR), Glumetza, Riomet
500-1000mg
Plasma levels increased with lasix, alcohol increases lactate metabolism
LACTIC ACIDOSIS
take with meals, avoid alcohol
Term
Clonazepam
Definition
Klonipin
Antiepileptic (anti-anxiety)
0.5-2mg
CNS depression exacerbated with CNS depressants
Drowsiness, ataxia, fatigue
Avoid alcohol, habit forming
Term
Atorvastatin
Definition
Lipitor
Anti-hyperlipidemic
10-80mg
May increase digoxin levels, grapefruit juice increases concentration
constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, flatulence
Contact physician if myopathy occurs, avoid overexposure to sunlight, pregnancy category X
Term
Pravastatin
Definition
Pravachol
Antihyperlipidemic
10-80mg
RHABDOMYOLYSIS, rash
Contact physician if myopathy occurs, avoid too much sunlight, Pregnancy category X
Term
Simvastatin
Definition
Zocor
Antihyperlipidemic
10-80mg
AVOID CYP3A4 INHIBITORS; GRAPEFRUIT JUICE
RHABDOMYOLYSIS, constipation
Contact physician if myopathy occurs, avoid too much sun, pregnancy category X
Term
Clonidine
Definition
Catapres/Nexiclon XR
0.1-0.3mg
decreased BP control when used with tricyclics
dry mouth, dry eyes, drowsiness, dizziness
May be taken with food if GI upset
Term
Carvedilol
Definition
Coreg (CR)
Antihypertensive
3.25-25mg, (10-80mg CR)
Rifampin decreases plasma levels, avoid with patietnes with NYHA
dizziness, diarrhea, bradycardia
take with food to reduce orthostatic hypotension
Term
Lisinopril HCTZ
Definition
Zestoretic, Prinzide
Antihypertensive
10/12.5, 20/12.5, 20/25mg
DIGITALIS INDUCED ARRHYTHMIAS
dizziness, headache, fatigue
take in AM
avoid sunlight
Term
Atenolol
Definition
Tenormin
Antihypertensives
25-100mg
MAY DECREASE EFFECTS OF CLONIDINE, TOXICITY INCREASED WITH VERAPAMIL
dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness
avoid abrupt withdrawal from therapy
Term
Metoprolol Tartrate
Definition
Lopressor
antihypertensive
25-100mg
toxicity increased with VERAPAMIL
dizziness, fatigue, depression
Take with food to increase absorption
Term
Metoprolol Succinate
Definition
Toprol-XR
Antihypertensive
25-200mg
Toxiity increased with VERAPAMIL
dizziness, fatigue, depression
Take with food to increase absorption
Term
Losartan
Definition
Cozaar
Antihypertensive
25-100mg
no significant interactions
upper respiratory infection, diarrhea, dizziness
avoid taking while pregnant (D)
Term
Lisinopril
Definition
Zestril, Prinivil
Antihypertensive
2.5-40mg
decreased effect with indomethacin
dizziness, headache, fatigue
take without regard to meals, avoid while pregnant (D). avoid OTC cough/cold
Term
Amlodipine
Definition
Norvasc
Antihypertensive
2.5-10mg
may increase simvastatin levels
Edema, flushing, headache
Take without regard to meals, avoid while pregnant (D), avoid OTC cough/cold
Term
Meloxicam
Definition
Mobic
NSAID
7.5-15mg
decrease the effects of ACE inhibitors. caution with renal failure
GI problems
may require up to 2 weeks to improve
shake suspension well
Term
Ibuprofen
Definition
Motrin
NSAID
400-800mg
Aspirin increases plasma concentration
indigestion, constipation, RASH
may need 2 weeks to see results, may take with food
Term
Predisone
Definition
Deltasone
Steroidal anti-inflammatory
2.5-50mg
avoid immunizations on immunosuppressive doses of prednisone
blurred vision, upset stomach, nausea
UD, do not discontinue abruptly
Term
Tamsulosin
Definition
Flomax
Anti-inflammatory (prostate)
0.4mg
Cimetidine decreases clearance, should rule out prostate carcinoma
dizziness, headache, rhinitis, infection
take dose 30 minutes following same meal every day, may cause dizziness
Term
Ranitidine
Definition
Zantac
Antisecretory
150, 300mg, 15mg/mL
may decrease warfarin and lidocaine clearance
ABDOMINAL PAIN, headache, dizziness
May be taken with food. effervescent tablets MUST be dissolved in water
Term
Esomeprazole
Definition
Nexium
Antisecretory
20, 40mg
increases plasma levels of diazepam
headache, diarrhea, constipation or nausea
Take at least 60 minutes prior to food
Term
Omeprazole
Definition
Prilosec
Antisecretory
10, 20, 40mg
increases levels of diazepam, phenytoin, warfarin
rare back pain, rash
Take 30 minutes prior to eating, can take antacids at the same time
Term
Pantoprazole
Definition
Protonix
Antisecretory
20, 40mg
no drug interactions despite CYP metabolism
Rare diarrhea, rash, headache
may be taken without regard to meals, swallow tablet whole, do not split
Term
Furosemide
Definition
Lasix
Diuretic
20-80mg
AUDITORY TOXICIYT IWTH AMINOGLYCOSIDES, DIGITALIS INDUCED ARRHYTHMIAS
HEARING LOSS, WEAKNESS, MUSCLE CRAMPS, ANEMIA
may be taken with food, may cause orthostatic hypotension
Term
HCTZ
Definition
Microzide
diuretic
12.5, 25mg
DIGITALIS INDUCED ARRHYTHMIAS
MUSCLE CRAMPS, WEAKNESS
Avoid excess sunlight, may take with food
Term
Potassium chloride
Definition
K-Dur, Klor-con, Micro-K
8, 10, 15, 20 mEQ
avoid in patients with hyperkalemia
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, hyperkalemia
take with meals and w/ full glass of water. only K-dur may be split
Term
Clopidogrel
Definition
Plavix
Hematological agents
75mg
may predispose occult blood loss in patients taking NSAIDS. contraindicated in patients with peptic ulcers
URTI, chest pain, headache
contact physician if infection symptoms arise. do not take with omeprazole
Term
levothyroxine
Definition
Levoxyl, synthroid, levothyroid
Hormone (thyroid)
25-300mcg
increase the effects of oral anticoags
adverse effects rare
do not discontinue therapy, transient hair loss in children
Term
Cyclobenzprine
Definition
Flexeril, Amrix, Fexmid
5,7.5,10mg
enhances effects of other CNS depressants. do not take with CHF
drowsiness, dizziness, and dry mouth
avoid alcohol
Term
Zolpidem Tartrate
Definition
Ambien
sedative
5-10mg, 6.25-12.5mg ER
effects increased with other CNS depressants
headache, drowsiness, dry mouth
CR tabs to be swallowed whole. may cause drowsiness
Term
may cause drowsiness
Definition
analgesics, sedatives, anti-anxiety, anticonvulsants, clonidine, atenolol
Term
pregnancy category X
Definition
warfarin, statins
Term
do not take with CYP3A4 inhibitors
Definition
Simvastatin, warfarin, pantoprazole, trazodone
Term
Don't take with antacids
Definition
azithromycin, gabapentin
Term
Don't take with omeprazole
Definition
clopidogrel
Term
avoid taking with OTC cough or cold medications
Definition
Amlodipine, lisinopril
Term
take with food to increase absorption
Definition
Metoprolol, trazodone, azithromycin, metformin
Term
contact physician if muscle weakness occurs
Definition
statins
Term
take in AM
Definition
diuretics
Term
take at bedtime
Definition
montelukast, statins, zolpidem
Term
don't take with hepatic failure
Definition
divalproex
Term
increases effects of oral anticoagulants
Definition
levothyroxine
Term
with meals
Definition
metformin, metoprolol, trazodone, potassium
Term
before or after meals
Definition
omeprazole, esomeprazole, tamsulosin (after)
Term
avoid sunlight
Definition
HCTZ, lisinopril with HCTZ, statins
Term
avoid alcohol
Definition
analgesics, anticonvulsants, antianxiety, duloxetine, amitriptyline, warfarine, sertraline, metformin, cyclobenzaprine
Term
DIGITALIS INDUCED ARRHYTHMIAS
Definition
diuretics, lisinopril with HCTZ
Term
AUDITORY TOXICITY WITH AMINOGLYCOSIDES
Definition
furosemide
Term
MUSCLE PAIN
Definition
statins
Term
toxicity increased with VERAPAMIL
Definition
BETA BLOCKERS
Term
LACTIC ACIDOSIS
Definition
metformin
Term
AVOID MAOIS
Definition
antidepressants (trazodone exception), albuterol, hydrocodone, tramadol
Term
PRIAPISM
Definition
trazodone
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