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tissues
tissue slides
24
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/25/2017

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
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Definition

Stratified squamous non-keratinized


Description: Several layers of cells; cuboidal to columnar shape in deep layers; squamous cells form the apical layer and several layers deep to it; cells from the basal layer replace surface cells as they are lost.


Location: Keratinized variety forms superficial layer of skin; nonkeratinized variety lines wet surfaces, such as lining of the mouth, esophagus, part of larynx, part of pharynx, and vagina, and covers the tongue. .


Function: Protection.

Term
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Definition

stratified squamous kreatinized


Description: Several layers of cells; cuboidal to columnar shape in deep layers; squamous cells form the apical layer and several layers deep to it; cells from the basal layer replace surface cells as they are lost.


Location: Keratinized variety forms superficial layer of skin


Function: Protection.

Term
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Definition

Simple columnar


Description: Single layer of nonciliated column-like cells with nuclei near base of cells; contains goblet cells and cells with microvilli in some locations.


Location: Lines the gastrointestinal tract (from the stomach to the anus), ducts of many glands, and gallbladder.


Function: Secretion and absorption.

Term
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Definition

stratified columnar


Description: Several layers of irregularly shaped cells; only the apical layer has columnar cells.


Location: Lines part of urethra, large excretory ducts of some glands, such as esophageal glands, small areas in anal mucous membrane, and part of the conjunctiva of the eye.


Function: Protection and secretion.

Term
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Definition

Pseudostratified columnar


Description: Not a true stratified tissue; nuclei of cells are at different levels; all cells are attached to basement membrane, but not all reach the apical surface.

Location: Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium lines the airways of most of upper respiratory tract; pseudostratified nonciliated columnar epithelium lines larger ducts of many glands, epididymis, and part of male urethra.

Function: Secretion and movement of mucus by ciliary action.




Term
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Definition

Simple Squamous


Description: Single layer of flat cells; centrally located nucleus.


Location: Lines heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, air sacs of lungs, glomerular (Bowman's) capsule of kidneys, and inner surface of the tympanic membrane (eardrum); forms epithelial layer of serous membranes, such as the peritoneum, pericardium, and pleura.


Function: Filtration, diffusion, osmosis, and secretion in serous membranes.


Term
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Definition

Transitional epithelium


 

Description: Appearance is variable (transitional); shape of cells in apical layer ranges from squamous (when stretched) to cuboidai when relaxed).

Location: Lines urinary bladder and portions of ureters and urethra.


Function: Permits distension.





Term
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Definition

Simple Cuboidal


Description: Single layer of cube-shaped cells; centrally located nucleus,


Location: Covers surface of ovary, lines anterior surface of capsule of the lens of the eye, forms the pigmented epithelium at the posterior surface of the eye, lines kidney tubules and smaller ducts of many glands, and makes up the secreting portion of some glands such as the thyroid gland and the ducts of some glands such as the pancreas.


Function: Secretion and absorption.


Term
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Definition

Stratified cuboidal


Description: Two or more layers of cells in which the cells in the apical layer are cube-shaped.


Location: Ducts of adult sweat glands and esophageal glands and part of male urethra.


Function: Protection and limited secretion and absorption.




Term
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Definition

Mucous


 Description: Consists of widely scattered fibroblasts embedded in a viscous, jellylike ground substance that contains fine

collagen fibers.


Location: Umbilical cord of fetus.


Function: Support.

Term
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Definition

Skeletal muscle

 

 

Description: Long, cylindrical, striated fibers with many peripherally located nuclei; voluntary control.

Location: Usually attached to bones by tendons.

Function: Motion, posture, heat production, and protection.

Term
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Definition

Multipolar Neuron


 

Description: Consists of neurons (nerve cells) and neuroglia. Neurons consist of a cell body and processes extending from the cell body (multiple dendrites and a single axon). Neuroglia do not generate or conduct nerve impulses but have other important supporting functions.


Location: Nervous system.


Function: Exhibits sensitivity to various types of stimuli, converts stimuli into nerve impulses (action potentials), and conducts nerve impulses to other neurons, muscle fibers, or glands.


Term
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Definition

White-Fibro cartilage 


 

Description: Consists of chondrocytes scattered among thick bundles of collagen fibers within the extracellular matrix.


Location: Pubic symphysis (point where hip bones join anteriorly), intervertebral discs (discs between Vertebrae), menisci (cartilage pads) of knee, and portions of tendons that insert into cartilage.


Function: Support and fusion.

Term
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Definition

Dense irregular (scalp)


 

Description: Consists predominantly of collagen libels randomly arranged and a few fibroblasts.


Location: Fasciae (tissue beneath skin and around muscles and other organs). reticular (deeper) region of dermis of skin. periosteum of bone. perichondrium of cartilage, joint capsules, membrane capsules around various organs (kidneys, liver, testes. lymph nodes), pericardium of the heart, and heart valves.


Function: Provides strength.

Term
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Definition

Hyaline Cartilage



Description: Consists of a bluish-white, shiny ground substance with thin, fine collagen fibers and many chondrocytes; most abundant type of cartilage.


Location: Ends of long bones, anterior ends of ribs, nose, parts of larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchial tubes, and embryonic and fetal skeleton.


Function: Provides smooth surfaces for movement at joints, as well as flexibility and support.


Term
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Definition

Mesenchyme


 

Description: Consists of irregularly shaped mesenchymal cells embedded in a semifluid ground substance that contains reticular fibers.


Location: Under skin and along developing bones of embryo; some mesenchymal cells are found in adult connective tissue, especially along blood vessels.


Function: Forms all other types of connective tissue.


Term
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Definition

Dense regular tissue


 

Description: Extracellular matrix looks shiny white; consists mainly of collagen fibers regularly arranged in bundles; fibroblasts present in rows between bundles.

Location: Forms tendons (attach muscle to bone), most ligaments (attach bone to bone), and aponeuroses (sheetlike tendons that attach muscle to muscle or muscle to bone).
Function: Provides strong attachment between various structures.

Term
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Definition

Elastic Tissue

 

Description: Consists predominantly of freely branching elastic fibers; fibroblasts are present in spaces between fibers.


Location: Lung tissue, walls of elastic arteries, trachea, bronchial tubes, true vocal cords, suspensory ligament of penis, and some ligaments between vertebrae.


Function: Allows stretching of various organs.

Term
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Definition

Elastic Cartliage 



Description: Consists of chondrocytes located in a threadlike network of elastic fibers within the extracellular matrix.


Location: Lid on top of larynx (epiglottis), part of external ear (auricle), and auditory (eustachian) tubes.


Function: Gives support and maintains shape.

 

Term
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Definition

Bone



Description: Compact bone tissue consists of osteons (haversian systems) that contain lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes, canaliculi, and central (haversian) canals. By contrast, spongy bone tissue (see Figure 6.3 on page 180) consists of thin columns called trabeculae; spaces between trabeculae are filled with red bone marrow.


Location: Both compact and spongy bone tissue make up the various parts of bones of the body.


Function: Support, protection, storage; houses blood-forming tissue; serves as levers that act with muscle tissue to enable movement.


 

Term
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Definition

Areolar


Description: Consists of' fibers (collagen, elastic, and reticular) and several kinds of cells (fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cells. adipocytes, and mast cells) embedded in a semifluid ground substance.


Location: Subcutaneous layer deep to skin; papillary (superficial) region of dermis of skin; lamina propria of mucous membranes; and around blood vessels, nerves, and body organs.


Function: Strength. elasticity, and support.

 

Term
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Definition

Blood


 

Description: Consists of blood plasma and formed elements: red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes).


Location: Within blood vessels (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins) and within the chambers of the heart.


Function: Red blood cells transport oxygen and some carbon dioxide; white blood cells carry on phagocytosis and are involved in allergic reactions and immune system responses; platelets are essential for the clotting of blood.

Term
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Definition

Adiose


Description: Consists of adipocytes, cells specialized to store triglycerides (fats) as a large centrally located droplet; nucleus and cytoplasm are peripherally located.


Location: Subcutaneous layer deep to skin, around heart and kidneys, yellow bone marrow, and padding around joints and behind eyeball in eye socket.


Function: Reduces heat loss through skin, serves as an energy reserve, supports, and protects. In newborns, brown adipose tissue generates considerable heat that helps maintain proper body temperature.


Term
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Definition

Reticular


Description: A network of interlacing reticular fibers and reticular cells.


Location: Stroma (supporting framework) of liver, spleen, lymph nodes; red bone marrow, which gives rise to blood cells; reticular lamina of the basement membrane; and around blood vessels and muscles.


Function: Forms stroma of organs; binds together smooth muscle tissue cells; filters and removes worn-out blood cells in the spleen and microbes in lymph nodes.

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