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Tissues
tissues
52
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
02/24/2008

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

What are the FOUR Tissue Types?

 

Definition

Epitheleal

Connective

Muscular

Nervous 

Term
What is Epithelial Tissue?  
Definition

Covering and lining

or secretory

 

Term

What is Connective Tissue?

 

Definition

(Most Abundant)

support and protection,

binding organs together

 

 

Term
What is Muscular Tissue?
Definition

(Movement of body, or movement

of things through the body)

Term
What is nervous tissue?
Definition

Communication and

Coordination of body cavities 

Term
Where is Epithileal tissue found?
Definition
Air sacs of lungs
Term

A special type of Simple Squamous Epithelium

is called?

 

And where is it found? 

Definition

Endothelium

 

it lines blood vessels, heart, and lymph vessels 

Term
What is a fibrobast?
Definition

Main type that is most abundant

They form Fibers 

Term

What is Glandular Epithelium?

What are the three types? 

Definition

Holocrine

Merocrine

Apocrine 

Term
What is Holocrine?
Definition

Holocrine:

secretory product accumulates in cytoplasm, cell diesand breaks down, releasingsecretion

(cell is part of secretion)

 

like oil glands in skin 

Term

What is Merocrine?

     

Definition

(eccrine)-secretory product  is secreted

out of the cell

 

most glands are this type 

Term
What is Apocrine?
Definition

Product accumulates in the apex (tip) of the cell, which pinches offand is secreted.

 

mammary glands 

Term
What is a chondrocyte?
Definition

it is a cell

:Chondro = cartilage

Chondrocytes are in spaces called lacunae 

Term

Chapter 5

What are the basics of Skin Structure? 

Definition

epidermis

dermis

subcutaneous layer 

Term
What is Stratum Basale?
Definition
That is the layer which undergoes cell division
Term

What is the function of Keratin?

 

Definition

waterproof protein

it controls the color of your skin. 

Term
What determines skin color?
Definition

Skin color=depends on THREE FACTORS

 

Melanin in Melanocytes(brown pigment)

 

Carotene

 

 Blood vessels in dermis

 

Term

 What is

 

Melanin ?

Definition

Brown Pigment

vitilivo+patches on skin that are unigmented 

Term
Carotene
Definition

A pigment in the stratum corneumand dermis

 

Carotene + melanin ->yellow coloring 

Term
Blood vessels in dermis
Definition

red blood vessels contain

hemoglobin

 

Produces pinkish coloring in skin with less melanin 

Term
Matrix
Definition
Contains cells which can divide ("germinal layer")
Term
Three types of glands associated with the skin
Definition

Oil Sebaceous Glands

 

Sweat Glands

 

Ceruminous Glands 

Term
Oil Sebaceous Glands
Definition

Most are connected to hair follicles

Their secretion is called SEBUM (fats, cholesterol, protein, salt)

+Keeps hair form getting dry and brittle

+Inhibits bacterial growth

+ Decreases water evaporation 

Term
Sweat Glands
Definition

(Sudoriferous) glands

Merocrine sweat glands(most)

-sweat secreted throughcell membrane

-watery secretion

Apocrine Glands

-tip of cell pinches off and is included in secretion

- In axillary and pubic regionand pigmented part of breast

- not active till puberty 

Term
Ceruminous Glands
Definition

only in ear canal

they produce cerumen(ear wax) 

Term

acne

 

Definition

Increased androgensat puberty

(male and female)

stimluated sebaceous glands

 

The more active glands are more susceptible to bacterial infection and inflammation 

Term

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

(SLE)

 

Definition

An autoimmune disease, mostly in young women

Not contagious, maybe hereditary

Inflammatory reaction in connective tissue (incuding dermis)

Blistering and ulcers on skin 

Term
Psoriasis
Definition

-Raised, reddish plaques in skin (itchy)

-the plaques heal, but keep returning

 

Term

Chapter 6

General Structure of  A Long Bone 

Definition

Periosteum

 Endosteum 

Term
periosteum
Definition

- dense fibrous connevtive tissue around bone

2 layers

 +Outer fubrous layer  (has blood vessels and nerves)

-Inner osteogenic layer (elastic fibers, blood vessels, Osterogenic cells)

 

Term
Endeostium
Definition
Connective tissue lining medullary cavity
Term
Four cell types found in bone
Definition

Osteogenic cells

Osteoblasts

Osteocytes

Osteoclasts 

Term
Osteogenic cells
Definition

can divide (mitosis) to regenerate other bone cells

Found in periosteum, endosteum, and in canals within bone 

Term
Osteoblasts
Definition

derived from osteogenic cells

Osteoblasts form bone

-produce collagen ("organic matrix")

-deposit mineral salts (calcium phosphate) on organic matrix

Found on bone surfaces

Term
osteocytes
Definition

-When an osteblast has completely surround itself with bond, it becomes and osteocyte

 

Mature bones, most numerous

 

-help maintain bone (exchange nutrients, wastes, etc.) 

Term
Osteoclasts
Definition

-"clast"= "to break"

-Osteoclasts resorb bone (break it down)

Derived from monocytes (white blood cells)

Found along bone surfaces 

 

Term
Bone Chemistry
Definition

67% of bone weight= mineral salts

-mailny calcium phosphate, some calcium carbonate, some magnesium salts

--> Harndess of bone

33% of bone weight= collagen

--> flexiblity of bone 

Term
bone disorders
Definition

Osteoperosis

Osteomalacia

Paget's Disease

Osteomyelitis

 

Term
Fratcures
Definition

Partial (incomplete)

Complete

Closed(Simple)

Open(Compound) 

Term
Osteoperosis
Definition

Related to aging- more common in women (due to low estrogen after menopause)

-bone mass decreasses, bones fracte more easily

-Espeically affected: bodies of vertabrae. ribs, prximal femur, humeru, distal radius 

Term

Osteoporosis

prevention and risk factors 

Definition

prevention:

(even at earlier ages)

plenty of calcium in diet

Weight-bearing exercise

 Risk Factors:

Heredity

Caucasian

smoking

Think

Sedentary lifestyle 

 

Term
Vitamin deficiencies
Definition

Rickets (vitamin D deficiency in children)

-can't absorb calium and phophate from diet

-Epiphyseal catilage in made, but not clacified

-bones are soft

Legs bow due to weight 

Term
Osteomalacia
Definition

Vitamin deficiency in adults

--> demineralization of bone, expecially pelvis, lower extremities, vertabrae

- can also --> bowing of legs

in women, can be caused by poor diet, lots of pregnancies, not enough exposure to sun for vitamin D prduction in skin. 

Term
Paget's disease
Definition

Increased bone remodeling

-increase osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity

unknown cause

Bones thicken and soften irregularly

Skull, pelvis, extremeities affected most

 Mostly occues after age 50

Term
Osteomyelitis
Definition

-Refers to any bone infection

Most common organism in staphylococcus

How?

Penetrating wound (via skin)

Fracture

Through blood

Sinus infection

Tooth abcess 

Term

Fractures

Partial

Complete 

closed 

open

 

Definition

Partial=bone does not break all the way across

Complete=break goes completely across bone

Closed=boned does not break through skin

Open= bone DOES break through skin

Term
Fissure
Definition

Narrow slit between adjacent partsof bones through which blood vessels or nerves pass.

 

example : Superior orbital fissue of the sphenoid bone  

Term
Foramen
Definition

Opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass.

 

example: Optic foramen of the sphenoid bone 

Term
Fossa
Definition

Shallow depression

 

example: Coronoid fossa of the humerus 

Term
sulcus
Definition

Furrow along a  bone surface that accommodates a blood vessel, nerve, or tendon.

 

example:

intertubercular sulcus or the humerus 

Term
Meatus
Definition

Tubelike  Opening

 

Example

External auditory meatus of the temporal bone 

Term
chapter 7 Axial Skeleton
Definition

Skull

Vertebrae

Ribs

Sternum

Hyoid Bone

Auditory Ossicles 

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