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Thorax
PP 2
53
Anatomy
Graduate
10/21/2011

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Term
The asbestes gets in lungs and macrophages then encase them and try to destroy them but cannot digest them so they eventually down the road could lead to neoplasm
Definition
How does asbestes create cancer?
Term
1. Sternal angle anteriorly, Rib II articulates here can use reference for counting ribs
2. Separates the superior mediastinum from the inferior superior limit of the pericardium
3. arch of aorta
4. Superior vena cava penetrates the pericardium to enter heart
5. Trachea bifurcates into right and left lung
6. Superior limit of pulmonary trunk
Definition
List the 6 important things that occur at the level of TIV and TV
Term
The thoracic aorta (posterior intercostal), and internal thoracic arteries (anterior intercostal arteries)
Definition
the arteries that supply thoracic wall arise from which two sources?
Term
azygos vein, all intercostal veins merge into the Azygos
Definition
What is the last major vein before entering the superior vena cava and what empties into this vein?
Term
happens in elderly, the muscles in the neck become very well developed because they assist in breathing
Definition
What is bull neck?
Term
costotransverse joint (synovial) allows for gliding movement
Definition
The joint which the tubercle of a rib and the transverse process of the related vertebra is called?
Term
O - Clavicle, sternum, and first 6 ribs
I - humerus
F - Shoulder adduction, internal rotation, and horizontal adduction
N - Lateral and medial pectoral nerve
Definition
Name the origin, insertion, function and neural innervation of the pec major.
Term
O - ribs
I - coracoid process of the scapula
F - scapular depression, protraction and downward rotation
N - medical pectoral
Definition
Name the Origin, insertion,function and nerve innervation of pec minor.
Term
O- lateral surface of upper 8 ribs
I - vertebral border of scapula
F -scapular protraction and upward rotation
N - Long thoracic nerve
Definition
Name the Origin, insertion,function and nerve innervation of serratus anterior.
Term
Costochondral - interchondral (hyaline cartilage)
Definition
joint between costal cartilages of adjacent ribs (VII-X)
Term
Costochondral - sternocostal
Definition
joint between the upper seven and costal cartilages and the sternum.
Term
the rib 1 joint is not synovial.
Definition
what is different between the joint of rib 1 with the manubrium compared to the joints between the sternum and ribs 2-7?
Term
In the costal groove along the inferior margin of the superior rib and pass between the inner two layers of muscle, remember VAN!! Vein is the most superior, then artery, then nerve
Definition
How do the vein, artery and nerve supply sit in the intercostal space?
Term
The internal and innermost muscles and the movement is down and in
Definition
which two intercostal muscle are associated with exhalation? and what is the movement?
Term
External costal muscle and it is out and up
Definition
What intercostal muscle(s) is associated with inspiration? what is the movement?
Term
O- xiphoid process of sternum
I - costal margin of the thoracic wall vertebra of L region
F - aids in inspiration and recoils with expiration
Definition
Name the Origin, insertion, and function of diaphargm?
Term
o - inferior border of ribs
I - superior border of ribs
F - forced inspiration
N - intercostal
Definition
Name the Origin, insertion,function and nerve innervation of external intercostal
Term
o - inferior border of ribs
I - superior border of ribs
F - forced expiration
N - intercostal
Definition
Name the Origin, insertion,function and nerve innervation of internal intercostal
Term
O - medial edge of costal groove of rib superior
I- internal aspect of superior surface of rib inferior
F - aids internal intercostals in expiration
N - intercostal
Definition
Name the Origin, insertion,function and nerve innervation of innermost intercostal.
Term
The anterior intercostal arteries...which branch off internal thoracic (Internal thoracic branches off the subclavians)
Definition
Blood supply to anterior thoracic wall? where do the arteries branch from?
Term
1. superior epigastic (anterior abd wall)
2. Musculophrenic (goes through diaphragm)
Definition
The internal thoracic arteries branch at the level of the 6th intercostal space and give rise to what arteries? and what do they supply?
Term
Anterior intercostal veins, to the internal thoracic veins, which empty into the right and left brachiocephalic veins.
Definition
How is blood brought back from anterior thoracic wall?
Term
Posterior intercostal arteries, branching off the descending aorta.
Definition
Blood supply to posterior thoracic wall? what does it branch off of?
Term
Posterior intercostal veins, which empty into the bayous venous system, and azygos vein and empties into the posterior aspect of the superior vena cava.
Definition
How is blood brought back from the posterior thoracic wall?
Term
diaphragm, intercostals, and pec minor
Definition
List the three main muscles that contract(inhalation) and relax (exhalation) when breathing.
Term
The right primary brochus continues in a nearly vertical line, while the left veers more laterally. Important because objects aspirated will normally end up in the right bronchus or lung.
Definition
What is the main difference between the right and left primary bronchus? and the significance?
Term
Oblique fissure
Definition
Each lung is divided into superior and inferior lobes by?
Term
Oblique fissure
Definition
Each lung is divided into superior and inferior lobes by?
Term
The right lung has a horizontal fissure along with the oblique so the right lung has 3 lobes while the left just has 2
Definition
What is the difference between the right and left lung?
Term
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood, while the veins carry oxygenated blood to the heart.
Definition
What is strange about the pulmonary vein and arteries?
Term
A depression called the cardiac notch
Definition
What is special about the left lung, that the right does not have?
Term
They reduce surface tension within the alveoli. They produce surfactant to help save energy and cause alveoli not to collapse after exhalation.
Definition
what is special about pneumocyte type II?
Term
macrophages
Definition
What are type 1 pneumocytes like?
Term
Bronchopulmonary segment
Definition
Tertiary (segmental) bronchi, branch off secondary, and supply segments of lung tissue called?
Term
compartments called lobules, which contain lymphatic, arterioles, venules, terminal bronchiloes, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and then alveoli
Definition
What does each bronchopulmonary segment consist of?
Term
~16
Definition
How many branches until the terminal bronchioles turn into respiratory?
Term
T4 -T5
Definition
Trachea extends from larynx to? this is where it splits into bronchi
Term
pseudostratified columnar with cilia and goblet cells
Definition
what makes up the mucosa layer of the trachea?
Term
loose connective tissue and seromucous glands
Definition
what is the submucosa layer of trachea made of?
Term
adventitia
Definition
what part of trachea binds it to other organs?
Term
hyaline cartilage. Because the open part is there for the esophagus,and has trachealis smooth muscle.
Definition
the 16 -20 incomplete rings of trachea are made of what? and why are they incomplete?
Term
septa
Definition
Adjacent brochopulmonary segments are separated by connective tissue called?
Term
alveolar sacs
Definition
What is the basic structural unit of gas exchage?
Term
Pulmonary embolism
Definition
Condition that occurs when an artery in your lung becomes blocked, usually caused by one or more embolis.
Term
thrombo embolis
Definition
If a clot is moving around in the body, what is it called?
Term
Saddle emolis
Definition
What is the condition called when a clot blocks the bifurcation of the brochi tubes?
Term
brochoscopy
Definition
Surgical technique for viewing the interior of the airways.
Term
carina
Definition
What is the internal cartilage at the bifurcation of trachea?
Term
Rt. and left pulmonary arteries (right longer than the left)
Definition
These originate from the pulmonary trunk and carry deoxygenated blood to lungs.
Term
Pulmonary veins (superior and inferior), they begin at the hilum of the lung.
Definition
What carries oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart? where do they begin?
Term
bronchial arteries, that originate from the thoracic aorta.
Definition
what supplies the lung with blood?
Term
brochopulmonary lymph nodes
Definition
Lymphatic vessels from the superficial plexus drain into this? which is located in hilum of lung
Term
Both superficial and deep vessels from right and left lung drain into the brochomedistinal trunks, then to right lymphatic trunk or thoracic duct.
Definition
Where do the lymphatic vessels of the lung drain to?
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