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Thorax and Lungs
nursing skills
50
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
09/27/2010

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Cards

Term
Anterior Thoracic Landmarks
Definition
Suprasternal notch, sternum, manubriosternal angle, costal angle
Term
Posterior Thoracic Landmarks
Definition
Vertebra prominens, spinous processes, inferior border of scapula, twelfth rib
Term
Thoracic cage
Definition
Bony structure with a conical shape, which is narrow at the top, 12 pairs of ribs and 12 thoracic verebrae
Term
Suprasternal notch
Definition
you can feel this hollow "U" shaped depression just above the sternum, in between the clavicles.
Term
3 parts of the sternum or (breatbone)
Definition
Manubrium, the body and the xiphoid process
Term
Manubriosternal angle
Definition
down the manubriu a few centimeters, distinct bony ridge. also called the angle of Louis
Term
Vertebra prominens
Definition
bony spur protruding at the base of the neck
Term
3 anterior reference lines
Definition

anterior axillary line

midclavicular line

midsternal line

Term
mediastinum
Definition
this is the middle section of the thoracic cavity containing the esophagus, trachea, heart, and great vessels.
Term
which lung is shorter and why?
Definition
the right lung because of the liver.
Term
which lung is narrower and why?
Definition
the left lung is narrower because the heart bulges to the let.
Term
How many lobes do both lungs have?
Definition
right has 3; left has 2
Term
Pleurae
Definition
thin, slppery, forms an envelop between the lungs and the chest wall.
Term
visceral pleura
Definition
lines the outside of the lungs, dipping down into the fisures
Term
Parietal pleura
Definition
lining the inside of the chest wall and diaphragm
Term
what is the Trachea?
Definition
lies anterior to the espophagus and is 10 to 11 cm long in adults.
Term
What two things transport gases between the enviroment and the lung parnechyma? and constitue the dead space?
Definition
Trachea and the Bronchi
Term
Acinus
Definition
is a functional respriatory unit that consists of the bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and the alveoli
Term
What are the alveoli
Definition
clustered like grapes around each alveolar duct. increased the space for gaseous exchange. creates a surface area for gas exchange that is as large as a tennis court!
Term
What are the 4 major functions of the respriatory system?
Definition

1. Supply oxygen to the body for energy production

2. remove carbon dioxide as a waste product of energy reaction.

3. maintain homeostasis of arterial blood

4. maintain heat exchange.

Term
increase/decreas oxygen in the blood
Definition

increase- hypercapnia

decrease- hypooxemia

Term
inspiration
Definition
  • increase the size of the thoracic container, creating a slightly negative pressure in relation to the atmosphere
  • contraction of the bell-shaped diaphragm causes it to descend and flatthen
Term
expiration
Definition
  • primarily pasive
  • squeezing creates a relatively positive pressure within the alveoli
Term
subjective data health history questions
Definition
  • Do you have a cough?
  • shortness of breath?
  • do you have any chest pain with breathing?
  • past history of respiratory infection
  • smoking history
  • environmental exposure

 

Term
Objective data
Definition
  • note the shape and configuration of the chest wall
  • thorax should be symmetrical
  • anteroposterior diameter should be less than the transverse diameter
  • position the person takes to breathe
  • assess the skin color and condtion
Term
what are adventitious sounds?
Definition

sounds that are not nomally heard, they are cuase dby moving air colliding with secreations in the tracheobronchial passageways e.g creakles or wheezes

 

Term
what are voice sounds?
Definition
bronchophony, egophony, whispered pectoriloquy
Term
Tactile fremitus
Definition
is a palpable vibration, vary from person to person but symmetry is most important
Term
resonance
Definition
is a low- pitched, clear, hollow sound that predominates in healthy lung tissue in the adult.
Term
forced expiratory time
Definition
the number of seconds it takes for a person to exhale from total lung capacity to residual volum
Term
pulse oximetry
Definition
is a non-invasive method to assess arterial oxygen saturation
Term
barrel chest
Definition
not equal anteroposterior to transverse diameter and that ribs are horizontal instead of the normal downward slope.
Term
pectus excavatum
Definition
is a markedly sunken sternum and adjacent artilages.
Term
pectus carinatum
Definition
Term
pectus carinatum
Definition
is a forward protrusion of the sternum, with ribs sloping back
Term
scoliosis
Definition
a lateral S-shaped curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine. more prevalent in adolescent girls
Term
kyphosis
Definition
an exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine ( humpback) that causes significant back pain and limited mobility
Term
Cheyne-stokes
Definition
gradually wax and wane in a regular pattern increasing in depth and rate, then decreasing. breathing periods last 30 to 45 seconds with periods of apnea.
Term
increased tactile fremitus
Definition
occurs with conditions that increase the density of lung tissue, making a better conduction medicum for vibrations such as pneumonia
Term
Decreased tactile fremitus
Definition
occurs when anyting obstructs transmission of vibrations, such as pleural effusion or thickening, emphysema.
Term
phonchial fremitus
Definition
vibration felt when inhaled air passes through thick secretions in the larger bronchi, may derease somewhat by coughing
Term
pleural friction femitus
Definition
is produced when inflammation of the parietal or visceral pleura causes a decreae in the normal lubricating fluid.
Term
Crackles
Definition
formerly called rales- high pitched, short crackling, popping sounds
Term
crackles- course
Definition
loud low pitched, bubbling and gurgling sounds that start in early inspriations and may be present in expirations
Term
atelectatic crackles
Definition
sounds like fine crackles but do not last and are not pathologic
Term
pleural friction rub
Definition
a very superfical sound that is course and low pitched it has a grating quality as if 2 pieces of leather rubbed together
Term
wheeze sibilant
Definition
high pitched, muscial squeaking sounds, polyphonic usually in expirations
Term
Wheeze- sonorous rhonchi
Definition
low pitched, monophonic snoring, moaning sounds heard throughout cycle- though more predominant on expiration
Term
stridor
Definition
is a high pitched, monophonic inspiratory sound, crowing sound, louder in the neck then the chest wall
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