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Thinking Exam 1
exam 1 terms
73
Psychology
4th Grade
09/22/2011

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Term
self-regulation
Definition
ability to set goals, monitor progess, manage time, etc.
Term
affective forecasting
Definition
predicing how a future outcome with make you feel
Term
implementation intintion
Definition
specify the when, where, how a goal is accomplished
Term
mental simulation
Definition
imagine going through the process of achieving the goal (not the end point, imagine the processes)
Term
contingency management
Definition
reward/punishment plan for goals
Term
metacognition
Definition
knowledge and control of cognitive processes (knowledge of knowledge)
Term
"the rich get richer"
Definition
the more you know about something, the easier it is to learn new knowledge about it
Term
The goal of learning
Definition
to build unified knowledge about an area, NOT TO LEARN ISOLATED FACTS
Term
Key variable for practice
Definition
distribution of practice is more important thatn amnount of practice (space it out)
Term
testing effect
Definition
recalling and feedback (testing) is much more affective than re-studying material
Term
self-explanation
Definition
active learning, requires conscious thought and effect, and you remember it better
Term
transfer
Definition
being able to apply a concept you have learned, to something entirely different
Term
benefits of working in groups
Definition
intellectual stimulation, learning from others, building on ideas, acceptance of solutions
Term
drawbacks of working in teams
Definition
conformity pressure, hiddne agendas, wasted time, frustration
Term
team behaviors that help
Definition
on time, honest, listen, build on idea, setting goals, distributing work evenly
Term
team behaviors that suck
Definition
negative attitudes, personal attacks, jumping topics, withdrawing, bored, revenge?
Term
facilitator
Definition
schedules and conducts meetings, identifies goals, distributes and follows agenda, clarifies, keeps group on task
Term
process observer
Definition
notes hindering behaviors, encourages full participations, evaluates team process, discusses with faciliatator after meetings
Term
expert
Definition
someone who consistently achieves very high levels of performance in a certain domain
Term
experts vs novices
Definition
1. the amount of domain relevant information experts can hold in working memeory
2. experts classify problems differently
3. experts organize their knowledge differently
Term
how long does it take to be an expect
Definition
10,000 hours
Term
expert vs an experiences non expert?
Definition
Problem solving vs problem reduction
Term
deliberate practice
Definition
intended to improve performance, focuses beyond current level, effortful and attention demanding, repeated, feedback is necessary
Term
general practice cycle
Definition
assess performance, reflect on feedback, make decison, practice skill (test, analyse, new hypothesis, hypothesis)
Term
good feedback
Definition
focuses on performance, not the person
specific, delivered soon after performance, is reflected upon
Term
goals of science
Definition
description, prediction, understaind, control
Term
why is science self correcting
Definition
replication of experimental results, must put theories to the test
Term
internal validity
Definition
lack of confounds
Term
external validity
Definition
results can generalize to other populations
Term
SELF FULFILLING PROPHECY
Definition
sometimes we help bring aout what we expect in an experiment
Term
confirmation bias
Definition
looking for confirming evidence, and ignoring disconfirming evidence
Term
hawthrone effect
Definition
people may act differently just because they are being tested
Term
DUALISM
Definition
the mind and brain are made of different substances, but interact (one is physical and one non physical
Term
monism
Definition
only one kind of substance, the mind is a result of brain activity, the brain enables the mind
Term
mental trilogy
Definition
cognition, emotion, motivation
Term
cognitive neuriopsychology
Definition
focus on brain damged individual and the changes in cognition and behavior that result
Term
neurology
Definition
medical discipline with a focus on pathology and medical intervention
Term
cognitive neuroscience
Definition
how the brain leads to cognition and behavior, typically use group studies
Term
lesion studies
Definition
effect of selective damage to a particular neuron or circuit (can make temp lesions from study)
Term
EEG
Definition
electroencephalogram - reflects global activity
Term
ERP
Definition
event related potentiall - links activity to a particular stimulus even or response
Term
stuctural neuroimaging
Definition
anatomy of brain
CT and MIR
Term
Function imagin
Definition
processes
PET and fMRI
Term
SOMA
Definition
cell body of a neuron
Term
dendrites
Definition
extending branches that connect one neuron to communication with another
Term
axon
Definition
the stem of the cell, directs the impulse
Term
OCCIPITAL LOBE
Definition
mainly visual processing
Term
temporal lobe
Definition
auditory processing, language, aspect of visual recognition
Term
parietal lobe
Definition
somatosensory processing, motor processing, visual processing
Term
frontal lobe
Definition
executive - planning, reasoning, and organizing behavior. includes working memory and motor control.
Term
corpus callosum
Definition
communication between hemispheres
Term
amygdala
Definition
memory and emotional reactions
Term
hippocampus
Definition
short-term memory, spatial navigation
Term
Easy Problem of Consciousness
Definition
how are pschylogical states implemented in the brain? explanation of cognitive functions
Term
Hard Problem of Consciousness
Definition
where to feelings come from? Regarding pain, WHY does it hurt?
Term
Specialized Visual Detectors
Definition
Edge Detectors
Moving Contrast Detectors
Dimming Detectors
Convex Edge Detectors
Term
Steven Power Law
Definition
Sensory or subjective magnitude grows in proportion to the physical intensity, but NOT the same for each type of stimulus
Term
Habituation
Definition
repeated stimuli are turned out
Term
prosopagnosia
Definition
-face blindness
- problem in the fusifoirm gyrus
- left hemisphere
Term
cortical achromatopsia
Definition
color blindness (complete - only see in black and white)
Term
neglect
Definition
ignore the left side of the world, due to problem with the right hemisphere of the brain
Term
4 neuroaesthetic laws of Ramachandran
Definition
1. Peak Shift
2. Grouping
3. contrast
4. Isolation
Term
Synesthesia
Definition
a mixing of senses (seeing colors as a certain color, or a note as a certain color)
Term
Lower vs. Higher synesthesia
Definition
the crosswiring is "higher up"?

Higher - days of the week are a certain color
Lower - numbers are a certain color
Term
Where does synesthesia happen?
Definition
angular gyrus
Term
Five components of self
Definition
1. Continuity
2. Unity
3. Ownership
4. Free will
5. Reflection (aware of self)
Term
TWO COMPONENTS of attention
Definition
selection and capacity
Term
change blindness
Definition
because do not notice changes unless your attention is drawn to it
Term
omission
Definition
an interruption may cause you to skip a step
Term
persevations
Definition
repeat one or more steps
Term
description
Definition
preform the action on the wrong action
Term
associative-activation error
Definition
the wrong automatic routine
Term
loss of activation error
Definition
may be insufficient to carry it through to completion - "why did I come in here?"
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