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Theorists
Theorists in psychology (used for ASWB clinical exam)
37
Psychology
Graduate
01/18/2013

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Term
Sigmund Freud
Definition
1900 Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality
Term
Alfred Adler
Definition
1917 Individual Psychology (birth order, Personality, self-image -inferiority complex
Term
John B Watson
Definition
1920 behavioralism (Little Albert experament, observable bx)
Term
Ivan Pavlov
Definition
1927 Classical or Respondent Conditioning (stimulus and response bx)
Term
Jean Piaget
Definition
1928 Cognitive Development (stages of children's cognitive abilities)
Term
Leo Vigotsky
Definition
1934 Child Development (childs learning process and language in learning)
Term
Kurt Lewin
Definition
1935 Social Psychology (orginizational mgmt, applied psychology)
Term
Ann Freud
Definition
1936 Ego Defense Mechanisms
Term
Abraham Maslov
Definition
1943 Hierarchy of Needs
1. physiological needs
2. safety needs
3. love and belonging
4. esteem needs
5. needs for self actualization
Term
Rene Spitz
Definition
1945 Ego Development of a child (relationships between mother and child)
Term
Erik Erikson
Definition
1950 Ego Psychology (built on Freudian theory)
Trust vs. mistrust
Autonomy vs. shame/doubt
Initiative vs. guilt
Industry vs. inferiority
Identity vs. role confusion
Intimacy vs. isolation
Generativity vs. stagnation
Ego integrity vs. despair
Term
Margaret Mahler
Definition
1950 Separation-Individuation Process (stages of infant-mother interaction)
Term
BF Skinner
Definition
1953 Operant Conditioning (bx therapy; consequences to modify occurances)
Term
Lawrence Kohlberg
Definition
1958 Moral Psychology
Stages of moral reasoning
Level I – Preconventional Moral Reasoning – judgment is based own person needs and others’ rules
Level 2 – Conventional Moral Reasoning – judgment is based on others; approval, family expectations, traditional values, laws of society, and loyalty to country
Level 3 – Postconventional Moral Reasoning – social contract and universal ethics
Term
John Bowlby
Definition
1969 Attachment Theory (child's attachment to the caregiver and phases of separation)
Term
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross
Definition
1969 Death and Dying stages
Term
James Karl
Definition
1990s Person-in-environment theory
Term
Karen Wandrei
Definition
1990s Person-in-environment theory
Term
Aaron Beck
Definition
Cognitive Therapy (thinking errors)
Term
Albert Ellis
Definition
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) (explanation of personality; common irrational beliefs) (therapist educates)
Term
Donald Meichenbaum
Definition
Self-Management/ Self-Instruction
Term
William Glasser
Definition
Reality Therapy
Term
Marsha M. Linehan
Definition
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy
Term
Steve de Shazer adn Insoo Kim Berg
Definition
Solution-Focused Therapy
Term
Karen Horney, Harry Sack Sullivan and Erich Fromm
Definition
Neo-Freudians
Term
Carl Jung
Definition
Jungian Psychotherapy
(general psychic energy; conscious and unconscious factors)
Psychodynamic theorist who broke with Freud over the concept of libido
Term
Carl Rogers
Definition
Person-Centered Therapy
Term
Fritz Perls
Definition
Gestalt therapy
Term
Eric Berne
Definition
Transactional Anaylsis
(group settings; teaches trust) (egogram)
Term
Rudolf Dreikurs
Definition
Group therapy
(members are matched by age and mixed gender for adults)
Term
Yalom
Definition
Group therapy
(heterogeneity for conflict areas and homogeneity for ego strength)
(11 curative factors)
Term
Murray Bowen
Definition
Family Systems Theory
Term
Virginia Satir
Definition
Family Therapy
-emphasized feelings and self-esteem of individual family members
-she joined the family
Term
Salvador Minuchin
Definition
Structural Family Theory
-joining the family
-mapping
-restructuring the family
-family acts out is session
-spontaneous bx sequences
-reframing
Term
Jay Haley
Definition
Strategic Family Therapy
-change techniques
-therapist takes charge
-therapist gives family Directives
-Paradoxical directives/ prescribing the symptom
-Ordeals - making the sx too much
-Restraining
-Out-positioning
-Reframing
Term
Mara Selvini Palazzoli
Definition
Milan Systemic Therapy
-Families struggle for power and protective role of sx
-stopping dirty games
Techniques: hypothesizing, neutrality, rituals, paradoxical prescription, conterparadox, positive connotation, circular questions
Term
Kernberg, O.
Klein, M
Mahler, M.
Winnicott, D.W..
Definition
Object-relations theorists
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