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The Heart and Blood Vessels
Structure of the Heart and it's conduction
64
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 2
04/20/2013

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Cards

Term
What type of blood do Arteries carry?
Definition
Oxygenated
Term
Which Artery carried oxygenation blood?
Definition
Pulmonary Artery
Term
In what direction do Arteries carry blood?
Definition
Away from the heart
Term
What are in the thick walls of Arteries?
Definition
Smooth Muscle Fibres
Elastic Fibres
Term
What do the smooth muscle fibres and the elastic fibres enable the arteries to do?
Definition
Enables the Arteries to constrict and dilate to change the flow of blood to a particular organ
Term
In what direct do veins carry the blood?
Definition
towards the heart from the tissue capillaries
Term
What type of blood do veins carry?
Definition
Oxygenation
Term
Which vein carries oxygenated blood?
Definition
Pulmonary Vein
Term
What are the purpose of valves in the veins?
Definition
To prevent the back flow of blood
Term
What do capillaries link?
Definition
Capillaries link arteries and veins
Term
Why are veins narrow with thin walls?
Definition
To allow gaseous exchange
Term
Where is the heart situated?
Definition
Medistinum
Term
What is the function of the heart?
Definition
To pump the blood around the body under pressure
Term
What is the heart surrounded in?
Definition
The pericardium
Term
What is the muscle layer of the heart called?
Definition
The Myocardium
Term
What is the inner layer of the heart called?
Definition
The Endocardium
Term
What is the purpose of serous fluid in the pericardial sac?
Definition
To lubricate the heart when movement is taking place
Term
What is the bottom of the heart called?
Definition
The Apex
Term
What is the top of the heart called?
Definition
The Base
Term
What divides the heart into two?
Definition
The Septum
Term
What are the upper chambers of the hearts called?
Definition
Artium
Term
What are the lower chambers of the heart called?
Definition
Ventricle
Term
What chambers do the blood flow into?
Definition
The Atriums
Term
The Atriums have thinner walls than the ventricles, true or false?
Definition
True
Term
The Ventricles have thicker walls than the artiums, true or false?
Definition
True
Term
What is the ventricles function?
Definition
To drive the blood away from the heart into arteries
Term
Where is the Myocardium thickest?
Definition
The left Ventricle
Term
Why is the Myocardium thickest in the left ventricle?
Definition
Because the blood has to be pumped around the whole body
Term
Which side of the heart pumps into the pulmonary circulation?
Definition
The right side
Term
Which side of the heart pumps into the systemic circulation?
Definition
The left side
Term
How many valves are in the heart?
Definition
Four
Term
Which Valve is also known as the tricuspid valve?
Definition
Right Atrio-Ventricular Valve
Term
Where does the right atrio ventricular valve lie?
Definition
Between the right atrium and right ventricle
Term
What is the function of the atrio ventricular valve?
Definition
To prevent backflow of blood into the right atrium when the ventricle contracts
Term
What valve is known as the bicuspid valve or the mitral valve?
Definition
The Left Atrio Ventricular Valve
Term
When does the Mitral Valve lie?
Definition
Inbetween the left atrium and the left ventricle
Term
What is the function of the bicuspid valve?
Definition
To prevent the backflow of blood into the left atrium during the contraction of the left ventricle
Term
Name the two semi-lunar valves
Definition
The Aortic Valve
The Pulmonary Valve
Term
Where is the Aortic Valve found?
Definition
Between the left ventricle and the Aorta
Term
What is the purpose of the Aortic Valve?
Definition
To prevent blood flowing back into the left ventricle
Term
What is the purpose of the Pulmonary Valve?
Definition
To prevent blood flowing back into the right ventricle
Term
Where is the pulmonary valve found?
Definition
Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
Term
Where is the hepatic portal system found?
Definition
In the systemic circulation
Term
What is the purpose of the Hepatic Portal System?
Definition
Enables the products of digestion absorbed by the gut to be transported straight to liver where they can be metabolized, used or stored.
Term
What causes the "LUB" sound when the heart is beating?
Definition
When the full atrium's contract and empty into the ventricles the atrio ventricular closes due to the pressure
Term
What causes the "DUB" sound when the heart is beating?
Definition
When the ventricles contract and force the semi lunar valves open and blood being forces into them and then the semi lunar valves close
Term
What are the two nodes involved in the conduction of the heart?
Definition
The sino-atrial node
The atrio-ventricular node
Term
Where is the SA node found?
Definition
In the wall of the upper right atrium
Term
Where is the AV node found?
Definition
In the septum between the right and left side of the heart
Term
Where are the bundle of his found?
Definition
In the septum, running towards of the apex of the heart from the bottom of the atrium
Term
What is the function of the bundle of his?
Definition
The transmit the electrical impulse from the av node to the punjike fibres
Term
What is the function of the punjike fibres?
Definition
To transmit the electrical impluse through the ventricles
Term
What is the function of the fibrous plate ?
Definition
To prevent the ventricles contracting when the atriums contract
Term
When undertaking auscultation what are you looking at?
Definition
Rate and Rhythm
Valve Functions
Anatomical Defects
Term
What should the pulse rate be the same as?
Definition
The heart rate
Term
What is blood pressure governed by?
Definition
The beat of the heart
The volume of blood
The resistance/elasticity of blood vessels
Term
What is blood pressure measured in?
Definition
Millimetres of mercury (mmHg)
Term
When is the blood pressure the highest?
Definition
When the ventricles contract
Term
What does ECG stand for and what does it stand for
Definition
Electrocardiology
A recording of the electrical activity of the heart
Term
What do we used ECG's to find?
Definition
Accurate HR's
Chamber enlargement
Arrhythmia's
Metabolic problems
Term
In ECG's what is measured on the x and y AXIS?
Definition
X = Time
Y = Voltage
Term
What is the P wave measuring?
Definition
Atria contraction
Term
What is the QRS wave measuring?
Definition
Ventricle contraction
Atrial Relaxation
Term
What is the T wave measuring?
Definition
Ventricles returning to rest
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