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The Economic Consequences of Amnesty for Unauthorized Immigr
Midterm #2
11
Economics
Undergraduate 4
11/21/2012

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Cards

Term
What are the main points of the article "Economic Consequences of Amnesty for Unauthorized Immigrants"?
Definition

1. The population of unauthorized immigrants has kept rising after the broad amnesty of 1986, reaching an estimated 11 million

- increased enforcement and entry limited to H2A and H2B visas capped at 65,000

 

2. There are no good choices once that happens:

- Deportations violate civil liberties

- Amnesties undermines the rule of law and can have significant ecoomic and immigration consequences.

Term
What solution do the authors propose to address unauthorized immigration?
Definition
Increase the number of workers that can come in under easy to manage temporary work programs
Term
What are 5 facts about unauthorized immigration in the US?
Definition

It rose after the end of the Bracero Program

 

It has kept rising during the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s, when as many as 500,000 were entering per year

 

Mexico is still the main source, but it is declining in importance

 

Geography clustered in urban areas and, although increasingly more dispersed, primarily concentrated in CA and TX

 

It has contributed significantly to birth rates in the US

 

It comprises 5% of the workforce

 

Relatively low-skilled, mostly working in farming, building, grounds keeping, maintenance and constuction

Term
What are the policies developed to deal with illegal immigration?
Definition

Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)

- 245(i) program

 

Illegal Immigrant Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (1996)

 

Smaller Amnesty: NACARA (1997)

- Targeted Nicaraguans and Central Americans

Term
What did IRCA and the 245(i) program do?
Definition

- Legalized 2.7 million undocumented immigrants

 

- Increased enforcement

 

- Created the H2A and H2B visas

 

Immigrants legalized under IRCA started to become naturalized by 1994 and started sponsoring other family members

- 245(i) program was designed to facilitate that process

Term
What did the 1996 IIRIRA do?
Definition

Toughened up sponsoring and is the precursor of:

 

- E-Verify

 

- Secure Communities program and 297 (g) agreements between local police and ICE

Term
What are the labor market impacts of IRCA?
Definition

Unauthorized workers

- benefit from greater bargaining power and wages.

 

Naturalized immigrants and Hispanics

-not so clear, i.e. discrimination?

 

Natives?

- Not so clear either

Term
What are the fiscal effects of IRCA?
Definition

Possibly higher income and payroll tax revenues

 

Possibly higher costs with participation in means-tested programs

 

Emergency room care

 

Educational expenditures

 

Social security and Medicare as they age

Term
What are the effects on unauthorized immigrants' children after IRCA?
Definition
Better life prospects
Term
What are the macroeconomic effects of IRCA?
Definition

Reduced labor mobility

 

More expensive labor

 

More expensive goods and services

Term
What are some proposed policies/solutions to address unauthorized immigration?
Definition

Need to lower the demand for unauthorized workers and increase employer's ability to access workers legally:

 

1. Amnesty or Normalization: Temporary work status

 

2. TWP (Temporary Work Programs): Greater access to temporary work programs

 

3. E-Verify

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