Shared Flashcard Set

Details

The back and spinal nerves
Dissection area #2 from HB2
15
Anatomy
Professional
10/19/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Erector spinae
Definition

3 parts-  iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis

 

Origin:  by a broad tendon by iliac crest, posterior sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament

 

Insertion:  ribs, cervical vertebra, mastoid process of temporal bone, nuchal ligament

 

Action:  bilateral- extends vertebral column and head, as back is flexed, control movement via eccentric contraction    unilateral-- laterally flex vertebral column

 

Nerve: posterior rami of spinal nerves

 

Tendon:

 

 

Term
Multifidus
Definition

Origin: sacrum, ilium, and transverse processes

 

Insertion: spinous processes

 

function: stabilizes vertebrae during local movements of the vertebral column, extends and rotates head, neck, and trunk

 

Nerve:  posterior rami of the spinal nerve

 

Artery:

 

Tendon:

 

 

Term
lattisimus dorsi
Definition

origin: spinous processes T7-T12, related interspinous ligaments, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, ribs 9-12

 

Insertion: floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

 

Innervation-  thoracodorsal nerve

 

Artery- thoracodorsal artery

 

action-  adducts, extends, and medially rotates humerus; raises body towards arms when climbing

Term
Serratus posterior inferior
Definition

origin: spinous processes T11-L2

 

Insertion:  inferior borders of 8th to 12th ribs near the angles

 

Nerves:  anterior rami T9- T12 thoracic spinal nerves

 

Action: depress ribs (proprioception)

Term
transversospinalis
Definition

Includes semispinalis multifidus, rotatores brevis and rotatores longus 

 

Origin: transverse processes

 

Insertion: spinous processes of more superior vertebrae

 

Nerves posterior rami of spinal nerves

Term
abnormal curvatures
Definition

kyphosis-  increased thoracic curvature (osteoporosis)

 

lordosis-  increased lumbar curvature (weakened trunk musculature)

 

scoliosis-  lateral due to:

1.  unequal growth of the vertebral column

2.  assymetric paralysis or muscle weakness

3.  pathologica erosion of vertebral bodies

Term

Intervertebral discs

Definition

Between vertebrae, 1/4 length of vertebrae, shock absorber

 

1.  Nucleus pulposus- equalizes pressure to absorb shock

-reticular and collagenous fibers in mucoid material

-remnant of embryonic notochord

-can herniate through AF, impinging on spinal nerve roots

 

2.  Anulus fibrosis

-made of cocentric layers of fibrous tissus and fibrocarilage

-binds vertebral column together, retains NP, permits limited movement.  

Term
anterior longitudinal ligament
Definition

-runs from skull (occipital bone) to the saccrum on the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies and IV discs

-widens as it descends to maintain stability of the joints

-1.  limits extension of vertebral column

2.  supports annulus fibrosis anteriorly

3.  resists gravitational pull

Term
posterior longitudinal ligament
Definition

-interconnects the vertebral bodies and IV discs posteriorly

-narrows as it descends

 

1.  limits flexion of vertebral column

2.  supports posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and AF

3.  resists gravitational pull

Term
ligamentum flavum
Definition

1.  connects laminae of two adjacent vertebrae

2.  functions to maintain the upright posture

 

pierced during lumbar puncture and spinal tap

Term
Pia mater
Definition

-innermost meningeal layer; cannot be dissected from the spinal cord

-enmeshes blood vessels on the surfaces of the the spinal cord

Term
arachnoid mater
Definition

-filmy transparent layer connected to pia mater by web-like trabeculations

-forms subarachnoid space, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid

-extends to 2nd sacral vertebral level

-lumbar cistern= enlarnged subarachnoid space btwn L1 and S2

Term
dura mater
Definition

-tough, fibrous, outermost layer

-subdural space= potential space btwn arachnoid and dura mater, goes to S2, contains minimal fluid to moisten the membrane

-epidural space= external to the dura mater. contains internal vertebral venous plexus and epidural fat. 

Term
movements of the vertebral column
Definition

-flexion

-extension

-lateral bending

-rotation

Term
laminectomy
Definition

surgical excision of one or more spinous processes and supporting vertebral laminae

 

Used to:

1. gain access to the vertebral canal and expose spinal cord/roots

2.  relieve pressure on spinal cord or nerve roots caused by:

-tumor

-herniated IV disc

-bony hypertrophy

Supporting users have an ad free experience!