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Test #3
Compounds, Ionic Bonds, and Covalent Bonds
30
Science
8th Grade
11/15/2009

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Cards

Term
Color Coding Key
Definition

Purple- Compunds

 

Browns and Greens= Ionic Bonds:

Dark Green- Valance Electrons

Green- Ions

Light Brown- Bonding

Light Green- Properties

Brown- Naming Ionic Compounds

 

Blues= Covalent Bonds:

Blue- Types of Covalent Bonds

Light Blue- Properties

Term
Compounds
Definition
A substance made up of two or more elements that are held together by a bond
Term
Chemical Bond
Definition
The force of attraction that holds atoms together by transferring or sharing valance electrons
Term
Chemical Equation
Definition
A short way to show the ratio of atoms in chemical reactions using symbols. Reactants produces Products
Term
Ionic Bonds
Definition

A chemical bond between two oppositely charged ions (metals which lose e- and non-metals which gain e-)

 

Term
Valance Electrons
Definition
Electrons that are in the shell farthest from the nucleus, which are held the weakest and are involved in chemical reactions
Term
Periodic Table
Definition
Elements in the same group have the same number of valance electrons. The number of valance electrons across a period increases by one
Term
Lose Electrons
Definition
An atom that loses electrons is left with more protons (+) than electrons (-) so the ion has a positive charge
Term
Gain Electrons
Definition
An atom that gains electrons has more electrons (-) than protons (-) so the ion has a negative charge
Term
Ions
Definition
An atom (or group of atoms) that obtain an electric charge by losing or gaining valance electrons
Term
Monoatomic Ion
Definition

An ion made up of one atom. 

ex: Chlorine Ion (Cl-),

Sodium Ion (NA+).

Term
Polyatomic Ions
Definition

An ion made up of more than one atom, but it can be treated as one ion

ex. Hydroxide (OH-),

Ammonium (NH4+).

Term
Bonding
Definition
Atoms want to have their outer most energy shell completely filled by gaining or losing electrons. This will result in the atoms having an electric charge
Term
Properties
Definition
Characteristics
Term
High Melting Point
Definition
All ionic bonds are solids at room temperature (293˚K)
Term
Conduct Electricity 
Definition
Can conducts electricity if it is melted to a liquid or dissolved in water because then the ions are able to flow easily
Term
Crystal Shape
Definition
The atoms in an ionic bond form an orderly three-dimensional arrangement 
Term
Naming Ionic Compounds
Definition
Term
Positive Ion First
Definition

Monoatomic: Name of metal ion

Polyatomic: Name of polyatomic ion

Term
Negative Ion Second
Definition

Monoatomic: Drop ending and add "ide"

Polyatomic: No change to name of ion

Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
A chemical bond between two non-metals by sharing valance electrons to become stable (full outermost shell).
Term
Single Covalent Bond
Definition
The sharing of one pair (two total) of electrons
Term
Double Covalent Bond
Definition
The sharing of two pairs (four total) of electrons
Term
Triple Covalent Bond
Definition
The sharing of three airs (six total) of electrons
Term
Diatomic Molecule
Definition
A covalent molecule made up of to toms of the same element (F2, O2)
Term
Properties
Definition
Characteristcs
Term
Low Melting Points
Definition
Most covalent molecules are gases at room temperature (293K)
Term
Poor Conduct Electricity
Definition
No free electrons so covalent molecules do not conduct electricity
Term
Crystal Shape
Definition
Most have a crystal shape
Term
Not Soluble in Water
Definition
Covalent molecules do not dissolve in water
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