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Test #2
Chapter 5
21
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
03/06/2012

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Term
Classical Conditioning
Definition
Pavlov's dogs. Salivated before food was presented to them. Involuntary behavior.
Term
Unconditioned stimulus
Definition
normally produces measurable, involuntary response. The food being presented to the dog.
Term
Unconditioned response
Definition
unlearned or involuntary response to UCS. Dog salivating
Term
Conditioned stimulus
Definition
Neutral stimulus that, through repeated association with UCS, begins to elicit CR
Term
Conditioned response
Definition
Response elicited by a CS. The dog salivating from the bell
Term
Generalization
Definition
conditioned response to stimuli similar to conditioned stimulus (Dwight might respond to other comp noises)
Term
Discrimination
Definition
conditioned response only to the conditioned stimuli. (Only waking up to your particular alarm sound
Term
Acquisition
Definition
phase during which conditioned response is established
Term
Extinction
Definition
Unconditioned stimulus no longer paired with conditioned stimulus, probability of producing predicted response reduced
Term
Spontaneous recovery
Definition
Re-occurrence of extinguished after rest period. Dog at first stops salivating at bell because food stops showing up. Try again next day, dog salivates at bell.
Term
Operant conditioning
Definition
process of delivering reinforcements/punishment as consequence in order to increase/decrease behavior. Voluntary behavior as opposed to classical which is involuntary.
Term
Positive reinforcement
Definition
addition of something good as a result of action (chocolate and picking up toys) reward
Term
Negative reinforcement
Definition
subtraction of something bad (advil to reduce headache) escape/avoid
Term
Primary enforcer
Definition
something you need to live, food, water. Only work when necessary
Term
Secondary re-enforcer
Definition
neutral stimulus. Money, good grades. learned value through association with primary reinforcer.
Term
Positive punishment
Definition
brings something undesirable (touching fire, finger becomes hot)-punishment
Term
Negative punishment
Definition
Takes away something desirable (cant drive after DWI) extinction
Term
Ratio reinforcement
Definition
Subject reinforced after a number of trials
Term
Interval reinforcement
Definition
Subject reinforced after an amount of time
Term
Observational learning
Definition
learning behavior by observing consequences others receive for doing it
Term
Bandura's theory
Definition
For observational learning to occur, you need to pay attention to model's actions, remember the actions, have the ability to produce these actions, and have motivation to perform them.
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