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Test 3 Pharm and Physiology for Anesthesia
Opioids
21
Pharmacology
Graduate
10/29/2014

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Cards

Term
Which receptor detects pain?
Definition
nociceptor
Term
Which receptor detects touch
Definition
free nerve ending
Term
When you have pain what happens with your:
1. pupils
2. glucose
3. GI
Definition
1. pupil dilates (SNS!!)
2. hyperglycemia (SNS!!)
3. decrease gut motility and increase hydrogen ion secretion (SNS)
Term
Pain causes a decrease in blood flow to what areas of the body?
Definition
Well pain modulates the SNS. So SNS activation results in decrease blood flow to kidney's, viscera and skin.
Term
What are the nerve fibers that carry the pain signals
Definition
A delta fibers and C fibers
Term
T / F: Pain fibers desensitizes the originating stimulus
Definition
False! We want to keep being informed that our hand is on a hot fire because our body wants to survive!
Term
What chemical causes the most pain
Definition
bardykinin
Term
Name all the chemicals that illicit a pain stimulus?
Definition
1. bradykinin
2. Serotonin
3. histamine
4. K
5. AcH (If released into tissue)
6. protaglandins
7. Substance P
8. Acids
Term
endorphins do what to potassium levels
Definition
Causes efflux of K
Term
what are the four steps in the pain process
Definition
1. transduction
2. transmission
3. perception
4. modulation
Term
which step in the pain process involves the PNS and CNS
Definition
modulation
Term
perception during the pain process occurs where?
Definition
in the dorsal horn
Term
significant enhancement or suppression of pain perception is done during what process of the pain process
Definition
modulation
Term
What is a vanilloid 1 receptor?
Definition
it is an excitatory Ca and sodium ion receptor found on the peripheral nerve terminal which starts the action potential and transduction of the pain signal.
Term
What receptors inhibit pain transduction?
Definition
cannabinoid and opioid receptors inhibit pain transduction via activation of K channels.
Term
all ________ are free nerve endings but not all ______ are pain receptors
Definition
All pain receptors are free nerve endings but not all free nerve endings are pain recpetors.
Term
A pain receptor is a ______ class of receptors
Definition
free nerve endings (nociceptor) all same thing
Term
List in order from thickest to smallest the sizes of sensory fibers
Definition
A alpha > A beta > A delta > C fiber
Term
which one of the pain fibers is localized?
Definition
A delta fibers are specific to the type of pain and are well localized. We know heat from sharp pinch and where.
Term
The major NT of A delta fibers is? And that NT binds to?
Definition
glutamate; binds to AMPA and NMDA receptors
Term
The major neurotransmitter for C fibers is? Binds to?
Definition
C fiber major NT is substance P; binds to neurokinin-1 receptors.
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