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Test 3
Chapters 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18
128
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
02/28/2013

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Term
anorexia nervosa
Definition
an eating disorder in which a person attempts to lose weight by dramatically decreasing food intake and increasing physical exercise
Term
binge eating disorder
Definition
overeating and feeling out of control; occurs at least twice a week for 6 months
Term
body image
Definition
the integration of a person's perceptions, thoughts, and feelings about her or his own body
Term
bulimia nervosa
Definition
an eating disorder in which a person attempts to manage weight through dieting, binge eating, and purging
Term
cognitive distortions
Definition
errors in thinking that continue even when there is obvious contradictory evidence
Term
dichotomous thinking
Definition
distorted, all-or-none reasoning involving opposite and mutually exclusive categories
Term
ego-dystonic behavior
Definition
behavior that is inconsistent with one's thoughts, wishes, and values.
Term
ego-syntonic behavior
Definition
behavior that conforms to one's thoughts, wishes, and values
Term
ideas of reference
Definition
a cognitive distortion in which a person believes that what is in the environment is related to him or her, even when no obvious relationship exists; also called personalization
Term
magnification
Definition
a cognitive distortion in which much importance is attributed to unpleasant occurrences
Term
obesity
Definition
state of being overweight; the most common form of malnourishment in the United States
Term
overgeneralization
Definition
a cognitive distortion in which information is taken from one situation and applied to a wide variety of situations
Term
personalization
Definition
a cognitive distortion in which a person believes that what is in the environment is related to him or her, even when no obvious relationship exists; also called ideas of reference
Term
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS)
Definition
a congenital disorder causing morbid obesity by age 2 or 3
Term
purging disorder
Definition
a disorder in which the individual does not binge eat but frequently self-induces vomiting or uses large doses of laxatives, enemas, or diuretics aimed at ridding the body of food consumed.
Term
Russell's sign
Definition
a callus on the back of the hand, caused by forcing vomiting
Term
selective abstraction
Definition
a cognitive distortion that focuses on certain information while ignoring contradictory information
Term
superstitious thinking
Definition
a cognitive distortion in which a person believes that some unrelated action would magically influence the course of events
Term
affect
Definition
immediate emotional expression; what others observe
Term
anhedonic
Definition
the state in which a person is unable to experience pleasure
Term
biological rhythms
Definition
regular fluctuations of a variety of physiological factors over a set period of time
Term
bipolar disorder
Definition
a mood disorder characterized by alternating depression and elation, with periods of normal mood in between; also called manic-depressive disorder
Term
catastrophizing
Definition
a distorted thinking process that exaggerates failures in one's life
Term
cyclothymic disorder
Definition
a mood disorder characterized by a mood range from moderate depression to hypomania, which may or may not include periods of normal mood
Term
double depression
Definition
occurs when a person with dysthymic disorder also experiences an episode of major depressive disorder
Term
dysthymic disorder
Definition
a mood disorder similar to major depression but remaining mild or moderate
Term
emotions
Definition
responses evoked by environmental stimuli, which may be negative (fear) or positive (joy)
Term
major depressive disorder
Definition
a mood disorder characterized by a loss of interest in life and unresponsiveness, moving from mild to severe, severe lasting at least 2 weeks; also called unipolar disorder
Term
mood
Definition
a pervasive and sustained quality of a person's emotional tone
Term
schizoaffective disorder
Definition
a disorder characterized by symptoms that appear to be a mixture of schizophrenia and mood disorders
Term
seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
Definition
a mood disorder characterized by depression during fall and winter and normal mood or hypomania during spring and summer
Term
sleep-wake cycle
Definition
plays an important role in mood disorders. biological pattern of alternating sleep and wakefulness, in humans roughly 8 hours of nocturnal sleep and 16 hours of daytime activity.
Term
somatization
Definition
process by which psychological distress is experienced and communicated in the form of somatic (bodily) symptoms
Term
unipolar disorder
Definition
a mood disorder characterized by loss of interest in life and unresponsiveness, moving from mild to severe, severe lasting at least 2 weeks; also called major depressive disorder
Term
brief psychotic disorder
Definition
rapid onset of at least one of the following psychotic symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or disorganized behavior. The episode lasts at least 1 day but less than 1 month, after which the person returns to the premorbid level of functioning
Term
catatonic excitement
Definition
hyperactivity and bizarre behavior; would be described as a positive symptom of schizophrenia
Term
catatonic inhibition
Definition
decreased activity level, limited speech, minimal self-care, and at times, a trancelike state; would be described as a negative symptom of schiophrenia
Term
deficit schizophrenia
Definition
a distinct subtype of schizophrenia characterized by significant and persistent negative symptoms.
Term
delusions
Definition
false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence
Term
hallucination
Definition
the occurrence of a sight, sound, touch, smell, or taste without any external stimulus to the corresponding sensory organ; the experience is real to the person
Term
loose association
Definition
thinking in which there is no apparent relationship between thoughts
Term
negative symptoms
Definition
loss of normal function that is usually seen in mentally healthy adults
Term
nicotinic receptors
Definition
subtype of acetylcholine receptors in the hippocampus
Term
positive symptoms
Definition
excessive or added behaviors not normally seen in mentally healthy adults. an excess or distortion of normal functioning, or an aberrant response; typically refers to hallucinations, delusions, and disoganized thinking and behavior
Term
psychiatric/psychosocial rehabilitation
Definition
development of skills and support necessary for successful living, learning, and working in the community
Term
psychosis
Definition
a state in which a person is unable to comprehend reality and has difficulty communicating and relating to others; often accompanied by hallucinations and delusions
Term
schizoaffective disorder
Definition
a disorder characterized by symptoms that appear to be a mixture of schizophrenia and mood disorders
Term
schizophrenia
Definition
disabling major mental disorder characterized by distortions in thinking, perceiving, and expressing feelings
Term
schizophreniform disorder
Definition
a disorder with rapid onset of psychotic symptoms, very similar to schizophrenia, lasting less than 6 months
Term
selective perception
Definition
process of filtering out unnecessary and distracting information in order to focus on what is important at any given moment
Term
shared psychotic disorder
Definition
disorder in which delusional beliefs of a person who is in a close relationship are shared with another person who is delusional
Term
Drugs that are effective for binge eating disorder
Definition
sibutramine (Meridia), citalopram (Celexa), topiramate (Topamax)
Term
Meridia
Definition
- sibutramine
- appetite suppressant
Term
Celexa
Definition
- citalopram
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant
Term
Topamax
Definition
- torpiramate
- anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer
Term
nocturnal sleep related eating disorder
Definition
characterized by sleepwalking and sleep eating.
form of binge eating
Term
What characteristics of mood disorders are found in the depressed state for desire to participate in activities?
Definition
decreased to absent
Term
What characteristics of mood disorders are found in the manic state for desire to participate in activities?
Definition
interest in all activities; increase in high-risk behaiors
Term
What characteristics of mood disorders are found in the depressed state for mood?
Definition
despair, desolation
Term
What characteristics of mood disorders are found in the manic state for mood?
Definition
unstable; euphoric and irritable
Term
What characteristics of mood disorders are found in the depressed state for self-evaluation?
Definition
focuses on failures; sees self as incompetent; catastrophizes and personalizes
Term
What characteristics of mood disorders are found in the manic state for self-evaluation?
Definition
Grandiose beliefs about self
Term
What characteristics of mood disorders are found in the depressed state for sexual desire?
Definition
loss of desire
Term
What characteristics of mood disorders are found in the manic state for sexual desire?
Definition
increase in activity and partners
Term
What characteristics of mood disorders are found in the depressed state for appetite?
Definition
increased OR decreased in mild and moderate depression; decreased in SEVERE depression
Term
What characteristics of mood disorders are found in the manic state for appetite?
Definition
difficulty eating due to inability to sit still
Term
What characteristics of mood disorders are found in the depressed state for physical appearance?
Definition
unkempt; poor hygiene
Term
What characteristics of mood disorders are found in the manic state for physical appearance?
Definition
bright clothing; frequently changes clothing
Term
abstinence
Definition
stopping the intake of alcohol or drugs
Term
alcohol withdrawal delirium
Definition
a complication of withdrawal from alcohol occurring between 2 and 14 days after the last drink; marked by confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, tachycardia, tremors, agitation, diaphoresis, and fever
Term
codependency
Definition
a psychological condition or a relationship in which a person is controlled or manipulated by another affected with a pathological condition (as an addiction to alcohol or heroin); dependence on the needs of or control by another. Non-substance-abusing partners enable their partners to continue to abuse alcohol or drugs
Term
confabulation
Definition
filling in memory gaps with imaginary information
Term
dual diagnosis
Definition
the concurrent presence of a major psychiatric disorder and chemical dependence
Term
enabling behavior
Definition
any action by a person, called a codependent, that consciously or unconsciously facilitates substance dependence
Term
fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)
Definition
a syndrome evidenced by low birth weight, slow growth rate, hyperactivity, maladaptive behavior, learning disabilities, heart defects, and malformed facial features. also known as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).
Term
impaired nursing practice
Definition
the development of a substance addiction in nurses
Term
motivation
Definition
an inner state that energizes people to create goals and guides their goal-directed behavior
Term
negative reinforcement
Definition
the rebound dysphoria that occurs after the drug high.
Term
positive reinforcement
Definition
the mood altering effects of some drugs, such as euphoria, energy, mental alertness, self-confidence, and sexual arousal. a reward for desired behavior. an environmental event that rewards, and thus increases the probability of, a behavioral response. positive reinforcement with smoking behaviors could be the satisfaction of the nicotine craving or filling up time with an activity labeled by the client as enjoyable.
Term
recovery model
Definition
a lifelong, day-to-day process of recovery from chemical addiction
Term
sobriety
Definition
abstinence from drug use as well as psychological growth and balance.
Term
Stages of Change model
Definition
a framework for understanding the process of behavior change; the stages are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance
Term
substance abuse
Definition
the purposeful use, for at least 1 month, of a drug that results in adverse effects to oneself or others; does not meet the criteria for substance dependence
Term
substance dependence
Definition
the habitual use of a drug that continues despite adverse effects
Term
withdrawal
Definition
symptoms that occur after long-term use of a drug is reduced or stopped
Term
androgyny
Definition
flexibility in gender-stereotypic behaviors and roles; neither specifically masculine or feminine; having traditional male and female roles reversed or obscured
Term
autoerotic asphyxia
Definition
use of a tourniquet-like device that constricts the neck, decreasing the blood and oxygen supply to the brain, followed by masturbation, and, at the point of orgasm, releasing the bonds to enhance the sensation or sexual high
Term
cross-dressers
Definition
people, typically males, who wear clothes designed for the opposite sex to express the feminine side of their personality. in most instances cross-dressers are not interested in permanently altering their bodies through surgical means, especially since the majority of them are comfortable with their original birth gender
Term
fetishism
Definition
a fetish is the sexualization of a body part, such as feet or hair, or an inanimate object, such as shoes, leather, or rubber that is not typical for the culture. fetishism is the pathological displacement of erotic interest and satisfaction to a fetish
Term
gender identity
Definition
an individual's personal or private sense of identity as female or male
Term
gender identity disorder
Definition
strong and persistent feelings of discomfort with one's assigned sex or gender
Term
gender roles
Definition
the roles a person is expected to perform as a result of being male or female in a particular culture
Term
intersex
Definition
gender of the infant is ambiguous since there are contradictions among chromosomal gender, gonadal gender, internal organs, and external genital appearnace
Term
paraphilias
Definition
a group of psychosexual disorders characterized by unconventional sexual behaviors
Term
sexual addiction
Definition
a disorder in which the central focus of life is sex. people with this addiction spend 50% or more of all waking hours dealing with sex, from a fantasy to acting-out behavior
Term
sexual dysfunction
Definition
problems or difficulties with sexual expression
Term
transgender
Definition
a person who identifies with the other sex; the many gradations of gender running from female to male; in opposition to the belief that there are only two genders
Term
antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)
Definition
a disorder beginning in childhood and continuing into adulthood, characterized by a pattern of irresponsible and antisocial behavior
Term
avoidant personality disorder (AVPD)
Definition
a disorder characterized by timidity, fear of negative evaluation, and social discomfort
Term
borderline personality disorder (BPD)
Definition
a disorder characterized by a pattern of instability in self-image, interpersonal relationships, and mood
Term
cluster A personality disorder
Definition
a category of personality disorders characterized by eccentric behavior and social withdrawal
Term
cluster B personality disorder
Definition
a category of personality disorders characterized by dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior; disorders are antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic
Term
cluster C personality disorder
Definition
a category of personality disorders characterized by anxious and fearful behavior; disorders are avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive
Term
dependent personality disorder (DPD)
Definition
a disorder characterized by an inability to make everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others
Term
depressive personality disorder
Definition
a disorder characterized by persistent gloom and inability to experience pleasure, joy, or humor
Term
ego-syntonic
Definition
behavior that conforms to one's thoughts, wishes, and values
Term
histrionic personality disorder (HPD)
Definition
a disorder characterized by showing excessive emotion for the purpose of gaining attention
Term
narcissistic personality disorder (NPD)
Definition
a disorder characterized by a pattern of grandiosity, hypersensitivity to evaluation by others, and lack of empathy
Term
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)
Definition
a disorder characterized by perfectionism and inflexibility
Term
paranoid personality disorder (PPD)
Definition
a disorder characterized by a tendency to interpret the actions of others as deliberately demeaning or threatening
Term
passive-aggressive personality disorder
Definition
a disorder in which a person opposes and resists others' expectations and demands by procrastination, forgetfulness, and chronic lateness
Term
schizoid personality disorder (SZPD)
Definition
a disorder characterized by a pattern of indifference to social relationships and a restricted range of emotional experience and expression
Term
schizotypal personality disorder (STPD)
Definition
a disorder characterized by peculiarities of ideation, appearance, and behavior that are not severe enough to meet the criteria for schizophrenia
Term
Is it possible for an anorexic to also be bulimic or have bulimic behaviors?
Definition
Yes, 62% of people with anorexia experience similar symptoms
Term
S/S of anorexia
Definition
- severely underweight
- weight loss by dramatically decreasing food intake and sharply increasing the amount of physical exercise.
Term
S/S of bulimia nervosa
Definition
- normal to near-normal weight
- cycles of binge eating followed by purging. Severity is determined by frequency of cycles.
Term
True or false: People with bulimia frequently have a history of anorexia.
Definition
True. 30%
Term
Purging Disorder
Definition
- do not binge eat but do purge frequently
- normal weight and respond negatively to the binge-eating questions
Term
Binge Eating Disorder (first pattern)
Definition
- Often associated with obesity.
- Over eating and feeling out of control in response to a number of feelings
- Binging occurs at least twice a week for 6 months.
- Common in women.
Term
What medications are used to control binge eating disorder?
Definition
- Sibutramine (Meridia), appetite suppresant
- Citalopram (Celexa), antidepressant-SSRI
- Topiramate (Topamax), anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer
Term
What is the second pattern of binge eating disorder?
Definition
- overeat for the enjoyment
- no sense of loss of control
- more accepting of body size
Term
Nocturnal Sleep-related Eating Disorder
Definition
- Sleepwalking and sleep eating.
- Safety is a concern.
- No recall or vague recall of behavior when awaken.
- Individuals of normal weight and overweight.
Term
What is a common form of malnourisment in the US?
Definition
obesity
Term
What causes obesity?
Definition
A combination of psychological and psychosocial factors.
- eating habits, way to manage negative feelings, rewards, hormones, body fat, side effects of medications
Term
What are the S/S associated with Prader-Willi Syndrome?
Definition
- Unrelenting feeling of hunger
- Low muscle tone
- Short stature, incomplete sexual development
- Mild to severe mental retardation
- Behavioral problems
- Rapid and excessive weight gain by age 2 or 3 years.
- Hoarding food and stealing money to buy food
- Congenital disorder of the 15th chromosome.
Term
What is the main intervention associated with Prader-Willi Syndrome?
Definition
Restricted food intake
Term
Characteristics of people with anorexia according to intrapersonal theory.
Definition
- perfectionists
- low tolerance for new situations
- low self-esteem
- difficulty achieving maturational task
Term
Characteristics of people with bulimia according to intrapersonal theory?
Definition
- unstable affect
- feeling of incompetence
- fear of losing control
- poor impulse control
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