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Test 1
Key Terms
36
Computer Science
Undergraduate 2
09/18/2012

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Term
RAM
Definition
Random Access Memory- memory that stores program instuctions and data temporarily.
Term
GUI
Definition
Graphic User Interface- a user interface based on graphical displays.
Term
Data
Definition
info in a form that can be read, used, and manipulated by a computer.
Term
DSN
Definition
Domain Name System- a system that translates a computer's numberical IP address into a name that a user can read.
Term
Router
Definition
a program or device that decides how to route Internet transmissions.
Term
IP Address
Definition
a unqiue string of 4 numbers separated by periods that serve as a unique address for the computer on the Internet.
Term
WAN
Definition
Wireless Area Network- a network that extends over a long area. Each site is a node on the network.
Term
LAN
Definition
Local Area Network- mulitple personal computers connected on a network.
Term
ISP
Definition
Internet Service Provider- a business that provides its customers with Internet connections.
Term
WEP
Definition
Wireless Equivalency Privacy- encryptions that improves the security of wireless networks.
Term
WPA
Definition
Wireless
Term
Port
Definition
socket that allows info to pass in and out
Term
firewall
Definition
software or hardware that portects internal networks from unauthorized users
Term
Serif Font
Definition
a typeface font in which the characters are embellished with fine lines at the end of the main stroke.
Term
Crowdsourcing
Definition
a type of info or labor sharing device in which a task is outsourced to a large community of people
Term
Data Mining
Definition
the discovery and extraction fof hidden predictive info from large databases.
Term
DRM
Definition
Digital Rights Movement- technology now being used in music files to protect musician's rights.
Term
CSS
Definition
Computer Style Sheet- web markup language that gives users and web developers more control over how a web page is displayed and allows reformatting in a quicker fashion than HTML.
Term
Volatile
Definition
memory that is gone the second you turn the computer off
Term
DRAM
Definition
Dynamic Random Access Memory
Term
HArd Boot
Definition
completely turn off the computer
Term
Soft Boot
Definition
restarting the computer
Term
BIOS
Definition
basic input output software- tests everything out and loads the boot sector
Term
WIMP
Definition
Windows Icons Menus, Pointing.
Term
Network Protocol
Definition
rules, codes, and messages that need to be set up in order for two networks to become connected with one another.
Term
Multi-plexing
Definition
s a method by which multiple analog message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal over a shared medium.
Term
WPA
Definition
Wi-Fi Protected Access.
Term
Direct Manipulation
Definition
developed in 1983 by Shneiderman which involves continuous representation of objects of interest and rapid, reversible, and incremental actions & feedback. The intention is to allow a user to directly manipulate objects presented to them, using actions that correspond at least loosely to the physical world. An example of direct-manipulation is resizing a graphical shape, such as a rectangle, by dragging its corners or edges with a mouse.
Term
Xerox Star (1981)
Definition
first PC designed for business. Used metaphor WYSIWYG for simplicity.
Term
Xerox Alto (1972)
Definition
1st computer to use the desktop metaphor and graphical user interface. Used laser printing.
Term
EInk
Definition
online paper. Commonly seen on ebooks and iPads
Term
Relative Cells
Definition
Relative cell references are basic cell references that adjust and change when copied or when using AutoFill. Example- SUM on Excel
Term
Absolute Cells
Definition
Situations arise in which the cell reference must remain the same when copied or when using AutoFill. Dollar signs are used to hold a column and/or row reference constant. Example- B$14C$13
Term
Collaborative Filtering Algorithm
Definition
is the process of filtering for information or patterns using techniques involving collaboration among multiple agents, viewpoints, data sources. Applications of collaborative filtering typically involve very large data sets.
Term
DMCA
Definition
is a United States copyright law that implements two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It criminalizes production and dissemination of technology, devices, or services intended to circumvent measures that control access to copyrighted works.
Term
Burn in
Definition
is the process by which components of a system are exercised prior to being placed in service (and often, prior to the system being completely assembled from those components).
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