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Test # 1
Sensory
53
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
02/10/2010

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Cards

Term
Senses: Chemoreception
Definition
Smell and Taste.
Term
The Ear
Definition
Hearing and Equilibrium.
Term
Somatocensory Receptors: Simple Receptors
Definition
Neurons with free nerve endings.
Term
Complex Neural Receptors
Definition
Nerve endings enclosed in connective tissue capsules
Term
Special Senses Receptors
Definition
Cells that release neurotransmitter onto sensory neurons initiating an action potential.
Term
Sensory Receptors: Chemoreceptors
Definition
Oxygen, pH, and various organic molecules such as glucose.
Term
Mechanoreceptors
Definition
Pressure, Call Stretch, Vibration, Acceleration and Sound.
Term
Photoreceptors
Definition
Photons of Light.
Term
Thermoreceptors
Definition
Varying degrees of light.
Term
Sensory Transduction
Definition
Stimulus energy converted into information produced my the CNS.
Term
Adequate Stimulus
Definition
Preferred form of stimulus.
Term
Threshold
Definition
Minimum Stimulus
Term
Receptor Potential
Definition
Change in sensory receptor membrane potential.
Term
Sending Sensory Info.
Definition
Spinal Cord to brain by ascending pathways or directly to brain stem via cranial nerves.
Term
Perceptual Threshold
Definition
Level of stimulus necessary to be aware of particular sensation.
Term
Sensory Pathways in the Brain: Olfactory
Definition
From the nose project through the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex.
Term
Thalamus
Definition
Modifies and relays information to the cortical center.
Term
Equilibrium
Definition
Project to the cerebellum.
Term
Modality (The Nature of the Stimulus)
Definition
Indicated by: Which sensory neurons are activated and where the neurons terminate in the brain.
Term
Intensity of Stimulus
Definition
Coded by number of receptors activated and frequency of action potentials.
Term
Duration of Stimulus
Definition
Duration of action potentials. Some receptors adopt or cease to respond.
Term
Tonic Receptors
Definition
Slowly adapting receptors that respond for the duration of a stimulus.
Term
Phasic Receptors
Definition
Rapidly adapt to a constant stimulus and turn off. They fire once more when the stimulus turns off.
Term
Somatic Senses
Definition
Touch, Proprioception, Temperature, and Nociception: Pain and Itch.
Term
Touch Receptors
Definition
Found in the skin and in deeper regions of the body.
Term
Merkel Receptors
Definition
Sense steady pressure and texture.
Term
Meissner's Corpuscle
Definition
Responds to flutter and stroking movements.
Term
Sensory Nerves
Definition
Carries signals to spinal cord.
Term
Ruffini Corpuscle
Definition
Responds to skin stretch
Term
Pacinian Corpuscle
Definition
Senses Vibration.
Term
Olfaction
Definition
Links between smell, memory and emotion. In nasal cavity.
Term
Olfactory cells
Definition
Has secondary sensory neurons in olfactory bulb.
Term
Taste Transduction
Definition
Ligands activate the taste cell, Multiple intracellular pathways are activated, Ca2+ signal in the cytoplasm and triggers exocytosis, neurotransmitter and primary sensory neuron fires, action porentials sent to the brain.
Term
Taste Buds
Definition
Located on dorsal surface of tongue.
Term
The Ear
Definition
Sense organ specialized for 2 functions: hearing and equilibrium.
Term
External Ear
Definition
Ear Canal leads to Tympanic Membrane.
Term
Middle Ear
Definition
Malleus, Incus and Stapes.
Term
Inner Ear
Definition
Vestibular Apparatus and Cochlea.
Term
Sound Waves
Definition
Hearing is our perception of energy carried by sound waves, electrical signals in cochlea, primary sensory neurons to brain in medulla oblongata, sound projected to nuclei.
Term
Hearing Loss: Conductive
Definition
No transmission through either external or middle ear.
Term
Central
Definition
Damage to neural pathway between the ear and cerebral cortex or the cortex itself.
Term
Sensorineural
Definition
Damage to structures of inner ear.
Term
Vestibular Apparatus
Definition
Provides info about movement and position in space.
Term
Eye and Vision: When light enters the eye
Definition
Focused on retina by lens.
Term
Zonules
Definition
attach lense to cilliary muscle.
Term
Lens
Definition
Bends light to focus it on the retina.
Term
Optic Disk (Blind Spot)
Definition
Where optic nerve and blood vessels leave the eye.
Term
Pupil
Definition
Changes the amount of light entering the eye.
Term
Ciliary Muscle
Definition
Contraction alters curvature of the lens.
Term
Fovea
Definition
Region of sharpest vision.
Term
Retina
Definition
Layer that contains photoreceptors.
Term
Sclera
Definition
Connective tissue.
Term
Ophthalmoscope
Definition
Object that drs. use to view the rear wall of the eye.
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