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Systems Analysis Ch.1
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47
Computer Science
Undergraduate 3
08/18/2009

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Term
system
Definition
a group of interrelated components that function together to achieve a desired result
Term
information system(IS)
Definition
an arrangement of people, data, processes and information technology that interactto collect, process, store, and provide as output the information needed to support an organization.
Term
information technology(IT)
Definition
a contemporary term that describes the combination of computer technology(hardware and software) with telecommunications technology(data, image, and voice networks).
Term
transaction processing system(TPS)
Definition
an information system that captures and pricesses data about business transactions.
Term
management information system(MIS)
Definition
an information system that provides for management-oriented reporting based on transaction processing and operations of the organization.
Term
decision support system(DSS)
Definition
an information system that either helps to identify decision-making opportunities or provides information to help make decisions.
Term
executive information system (EIS)
Definition
an information system that supports the planning and assessment needs of executive managers.
Term
expert system
Definition
an information system that captures the expertise of workers and then simulates that expertise to the benefit of nonexperts.
Term
communications and collaboration system
Definition
an information system that enables more effective communications between workers, partners, customers, and suppliers to enhance their ability to collaborate.
Term
office automation system
Definition
an informatio system that supports the wide range of business office activities that provide for improved work flow between workers.
Term
stakeholder
Definition
any person who has an interest in an existing or proposed information system. They may include both technical and nontechnical workers. They may also include both internal and external workers.
Term
information worker
Definition
any person whose job involves creating, collecting, processing, distributing, and using information.
Term
system owner
Definition
an information system's sponsor and executive advocate, usually responsible for funding the project of developing, operating, and maintaining the information system.
Term
system user
Definition
a "customer" who will use or is affected by an information system on a regular basis-capturing, validating, entering, responding to, sotring, and exchanging data and information.
Term
knowledge worker
Definition
any worker whose responsibilities are based on a specialized body of knowledge.
Term
remote user
Definition
a user who is not physically located on the premises but who still requires access to information systems.
Term
mobile users
Definition
a user whose location is constantly changing but who requires access to information systems from any location.
Term
system designer
Definition
a technical specialist who translates system users' business requirements and constraints into technical solutions. She or he designs the computer databases, inputs, outputs, screens, networks, and software that will meet the system users' requirements.
Term
system builder
Definition
a technical specialist who constructs information systems and components based on the designe specifications generated by the system designers.
Term
systems analyst
Definition
a specialist who studies the problems and needs of an organization to determine how people, data, processes and information technology can best accomplish improvements for the business.
Term
external service provider(ESP)
Definition
a systems analyst, system designer, or system builder who sells his or her expertise and experience to other businesses to help those businesses purchase, develop, or integrate their information systems solutions; may be affiliated with a consulting or services organization.
Term
project manager
Definition
an experienced professional who accepts responsibility for planning, monitoring, and controlling projects with respect to schedule, budget, deliverables, customer satisfaction, technical standards, and system quality.
Term
electronic commerce(e-commerce)
Definition
the buying and selling of goods and services by using the Internet.
Term
electronic business(e-business)
Definition
the use of the Internet to conduct and support day-to-day business activities.
Term
data
Definition
raw facts about people, places, events, and things that are of importance in an organization.
Term
information
Definition
data that has been processed or reorganized into a more meaningful form for someone.
Term
knowledge
Definition
data and information that is further refined based on the facts, truths, beliefs, judgments, experiences, and expertise of the recipient.
Term
business processes
Definition
Tasks that respond to business events (e.g., an order). Business processes are the work, procedures, and rules required to complete the business tasks, independent of any information technology used to automate or support them.
Term
continuous process improvement(CPI)
Definition
The continuous monitoring of business processes to effect small but measurable improvements in cost reduction and value added.
Term
total quality management(TQM)
Definition
a comprehensive approach to facilitating quality improvements and management within a business.
Term
business process redesign(BPR)
Definition
is the study, analysis, and redesign of fundamental business processes to reduce costs and/or improve value added to the business.
Term
object technology
Definition
– a software technology that defines a system in terms of objects that consolidate data and behavior (into objects).
Term
object-oriented analysis and design
Definition
a collection of tools and techniques for systems development that will utilize object technologies to construct a system and its software.
Term
agile development
Definition
a system development strategy in which system developers are given the flexibility to select from a variety of tools and techniques to best accomplish the tasks at hand.
Term
systems integration
Definition
the process of building a unified information system out of diverse components of purchases software, custom-built software, hardware, and networking.
Term
enterprise resource planning(ERP)
Definition
a software application that fully integrates information systems that span most or all of the basic, core business functions.
Term
supply chain management(SCM)
Definition
a software application that optimizes business processes for raw material procurement through finished product distribution by directly integrating the logistical information systems of organizations with those of their suppliers and distributors.
Term
customer relationship management(CRM)
Definition
a software application that provides customers with access ti a business's processes from inital inquiry through postsale service and support.
Term
enterprise application integration(EAI)
Definition
the process and technologies used to link applications to support the flow of data and information between those applications. These solutions are usually based on middleware.
Term
middleware
Definition
software(usually purchased) used to translate and route data between different applications.
Term
system development process
Definition
a set of activities, methods, best practices, deliverables, and automated tools that stakeholders use to develop and maintain information systems and software.
Term
project management
Definition
the activity of defining, planning, directing, monitoring, and controlling a project to develop an acceptable system within the allotted time and budget.
Term
process management
Definition
the ongoing activity that defines, improves, and coordinates the use of an organization’s chosen methodology (the “process”) and standards for all system development projects.
Term
system initiation
Definition
the initial planning for a project to define initial business scope, goals, schedule, and budget.
Term
system analysis
Definition
the study of a business problem domain to recommend improvements and specify the business requirements and priorities for the solution.
Term
system design
Definition
the specification or construction of a technical, computer-based solution for the business requirements identified in a system analysis.
Term
system implementation
Definition
the construction, installation, testing, and delivery of a system into production.
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