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Survey of World Music Exam 3
China
33
Music
Undergraduate 3
11/12/2006

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Cards

Term
Daoism
Definition
mystic Chinese religion. guqin is referred to "the sound of emptiness" referring to the Daoist goal of freeing one's mind through the contemplation of nothingness
Term
Confucianism
Definition
guqin is closely associated with this religion, and its social class of literati who cultivate the ideals of balance, harmony, and moderation in China
Term
Buddhism
Definition
Main religion in China??
Term
yayue
Definition
art music of the court and rituals in China
Term
suyue
Definition
common entertainment and folk music in China
Term
diao
Definition
five possible anhemitonic pentatonic modes in China
Term
zheng
Definition
curved board zither associated with the household and romantic songs in the literati class of Confucianism. has a different string for each pitch, but pitch can change by pressing down behind the bridge after plucking.
Term
pipa
Definition
pear-shaped lute in China; does not have the same place in the Chinese tradition as the guqin, but still highly regarded.
Term
huqin
Definition
name for traditional bowed lutes in china, originally meant "foreign" because it came from Central Asia.
Term
erhu
Definition
most important type of huqin;; primarily a solo instrument although it is featured in the sizhu ensemble; used in opera performance
Term
jinghu
Definition
a fiddle pitched an octave higher than the erhu; used as lead instrument in Beijing opera; china
Term
sanxian
Definition
lute with a very long fretless fingerboard and a shalloe box resonator covered in snake skin; three strings can be used to suit any range of singer; china
Term
yueqin
Definition
"the moon lute"; distinctive circular shaped resonator. comes in many different sizes; china
Term
ruan
Definition
four-string fretted lute with a large circular resonator; china
Term
yangqin
Definition
a trapezodial hammered box-zither; adapted from the middle-eastern santur; each string is stretched over an intermediate bridge, but the strings alternate from the left to right side; china
Term
dizi
Definition
transverse end-blown flute with six fingerholes; has a hole covered with a thin rice paper membrane that buzzes when the flute is played, giving it a rich, reedy timbre. common solo and small instrument, principle carrier of the melody in kunqu; china
Term
dizi
Definition
transverse end-blown flute with six fingerholes; has a hole covered with a thin rice paper membrane that buzzes when the flute is played, giving it a rich, reedy timbre. common solo and small instrument, principle carrier of the melody in kunqu; china
Term
xiao
Definition
bamboo flute comes in different sizes; china
Term
suona
Definition
loud double reed with a conicall bore and a trumpet-like flared bell; player places reeds in his mouth, similar to the middle eastern zurna; china
Term
sheng
Definition
multiple pipes, each with a single reed connnected to an air chamber; player both blows and sucks air from the mouthpiece; much like the sho in japan; used in china
Term
luo
Definition
chinese gongs; often used in folk bands and chinese opera; pitch swoops up and down when the gong is hit. china
Term
dagu
Definition
large, barrel-shaped drum with riveted heads; used in folk music, religious music, and some repertories of court music' set horizontally in front of player, who plays with two sticks. china
Term
xiaogu
Definition
small horizontal drum on a stand that serves as the conductor in many forms of chinese opera
Term
ban
Definition
set of small wooden slats tied together on a string, china
Term
bo
Definition
small chinese cymbals
Term
guqin
Definition
the chinese zither; most revered instrument in China; ancient instrument from before confucius' time; solo music is almosts always peaceful, serene, and balanced; meter is slow; one of the most difficult instruments to master because of the many differnt ways in which tone can be played
Term
harmonic
Definition
describes an open string instrument; fan yin in chinese
Term
luogu
Definition
chinese gong-and-drum ensembles very comomon in rural areas
Term
guchui
Definition
luogu + two suona; ensemble where suona carry the melody; more instruments can be added but the suona will dominate; improvised variations of familiar tunes; china
Term
sizhu
Definition
silk-and-bamboo ensembles; generally feature dizi, sanxian, erhu, and maybe xiao, sheng, yueqin, or yangqin; play traditional tunes in an elaborate heterophonic tapestry with a soft drum or clappers; china
Term
guqu
Definition
the drum song; shorter type of sung narrative; singer accompanies himself or herself with a clapper and dagu; each presentation lasts about 15-20 minutes; china
Term
kungu
Definition
one of the oldest genres of chinese regionalized opera; today is considered a classical dramatic form known for its ornate sophostication
Term
jingxi
Definition
known in the West as Beijing Opera or Peking Opera, the most popular of the regional opera styles; origins relfect the cosmopolitan nature of the captial at the end of the 18th century; divided into dialogue, songs, dances, pantomimes, and musical interludes; 10 standard rhythmic types
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