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study guide 2 ch7
micro ch 7
63
Microbiology
Undergraduate 1
03/02/2012

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
facultative anaerobe
Definition
*does not require oxygen for metabolism
*growth in absence or presence of oxygen
Term
which kind of transport mechanism requires spending energy?
Definition
active transport
Term
at which growth phase is bacteria more vulnerable to disinfectants, antimicrobials and other environmental factors?
Definition
exponential growth phase
Term
which kind of transport mechanism does not require spending energy?
Definition
passive transport
Term
under what kind of solution does plasmolysis happen?
Definition
hypertonic
Term
what is the most preferred pH for most microorganisms?
Definition
between 6 and 8
Term
what is the name of the slide that is used to count bacteria?
Definition
petroff-Hausser
Term
which phase of the growth curve maximum bacterial growth happens at
Definition
exponential
10° to 50° C
Term
six essential elements that compose most cells
Definition
*CHNOPS and others 96%
needed in large amounts
cell structure
Term
what happens to cells when they are placed in hypotonic solution?
Definition
(solute outside is dilute)
water move from outside to inside
Term
if no cell wall, cell will burst. what is this called
Definition
osmolysis
Term
hypotonic means
hypertonic means
Definition
cell takes in solute
cell (hyper) solute goes out
Term
keeps osmolysis from happening
Definition
bacterial cell wall
Term
difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion
Definition
*simple do not require energy
*facilitated require cellular carrier protein
Term
simple diffusion facts
Definition
*small molecules, oxygen, carbon dioxide, lipid solution
*release waste to outside
Term
facilitated diffusion facts
Definition
*used for ions and polar molecules
*carrier proteins are specific
*material cannot go thru selective permeable plasma membrane
Term
superoxide ion is toxic to strict anaerobe
why?
Definition
because they lack dismutase
Term
three methods of counting of bacteria
Definition
*dilution
*turbidity
*direct microscopic count
Term
which transport mechanisms happen in prokaryotes
Definition
*active transport
*group translocation
Term
which transport mechanisms happen in eukaryotes
Definition
*active transport
*endocytosis
Term
temperature ranges of mesophiles
Definition
-20° to -40° C
Term
example of obligate anaerobe bacteria
*growth at top of broth
Definition
Any of the clostridium, eg;
*C. perfringens (gas gangrene)
*C. tetani (tetanus) lockjaw
Term
maximum growth of bacteria happens at what phase in the growth curve
Definition
mesophile
Term
most prevalent organic molecules
Definition
Carbon
*structures in cell from C and H
Term
most prevalent element
Definition
Proteins
Term
most of cell is composed of water
*facts*
Definition
70% *most prevalent inorganic molecule
*H2O=inorganic
*biochemical reactions cant take place w/o water
Term
Six essential elements that compose cells
Definition
CHNOPS: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur
Term
Four kinds of organisms in relation to source of C and energy
Definition
*photoautotrophs
*chemoautotrophs
*photoheterotrophs
*chemoheterotrophs
Term
hypotonic solution
Definition
*water move from outside to inside.
solute outside is dilute compared to inside
Term
growth factors
Definition
compounds provided for growth
Term
Name particular bacteria that cant synthesize certain organic compounds such as essential amino acids, vitamins and nitrogen bases
Definition
*Neisseria
*haemophilus influenzae
Term
opportunistic pathogen
Definition
saprobe infects compromised host
(facultative parasite)
Term
osmosis
Definition
solvent (water) movement from hi to lo water area
Term
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Definition
*found in soil and water
*causes infections in hospital patients
Term
Cryptococcus neoformans
Definition
*severe lung and brain infection in AIDS patients
*natural habitat is soil
Term
pH
Definition
degree of acidity or alkalinity
Term
psychrotroph
Definition
*cause food spoilage in refrigerator
*grow slowly in cold
*optimum is above 20° C
Term
microaerophile
Definition
bacteria that requires small amount of oxygen
Term
photoautotroph (phototroph)
Definition
*obtain energy from light-photosynthetic
*producer of organic materials
*basis of food web
*include plants, algae, cyanobacteria
Term
cyanobacteria, algae and green plants are
Definition
oxygenic (produce O2)
Term
green bacteria and purple sulfur bacteria
Definition
anoxygenic phototrophs
Term
autotroph
Definition
*self feeder
*independent
Term
heterotroph
Definition
*cannot fix carbon (dependent)
*obtains carbon in organic form (proteins/carbs/lipids/nucleic acids
Term
chemoheterotroph
Definition
*use complex organic molecules as their carbon/energy sources
*saprobes or parasites
Term
active transport
Definition
*requires energy and carrier proteins
*microbes use this to accumulate nutrients when plentiful outside cell
*gradient (concentration) independent
Term
three types of passive transport
Definition
*diffusion
*facilitated
*osmosis
Term
passive transport
Definition
*do not require energy
*solutes exist in gradient, move from hi to lo concentration
Term
capnophile
Definition
*require higher CO2 concentration than in atmosphere
* 3% to 10%
Term
example of capnophile
Definition
*Neisseria (gonorrhea, meningitis
*Brucella
Term
isotonic solution
Definition
same solute concentration inside and outside of cell
Term
osmophiles
Definition
microbes that withstand/grow at high osmotic pressure
Term
generation time
Definition
time required for population to double in number (doubling formula)
Term
CO2 is inorganic/organic
Definition
inorganic
Term
the essential nutrients are these
Definition
*macronutrients
*micronutrients
Term
essential nutrient
Definition
any substance that must be provided to an organism (nutrients)
Term
photoheterotroph
Definition
*use light as energy source
*use organic compound for carbon source and electron donor
Term
what phototrophs use light as energy source
Definition
*photoautotroph
*photoheterotroph
Term
chemoautotrophs (lithoautotrophs)
Definition
*rely on inorganic compounds as energy source
*carbon dioxide as carbon source
*play important role in recycling inorganic nutrients
Term
transport mechanism requires spending energy
Definition
active transport
Term
transport mechanism does not require spending energy
Definition
passive transport
Term
endocytosis
Definition
*engulfing
*eukaryotes only
Term
two types of endocytosis
Definition
*phagocytosis
*pinocytosis
Term
Carbon source of essential nutrients
Definition
*heterotrophs
*autotrophs
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