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Structure and Stability of Atoms
This set of flashcards provides terms related to the structure of an atom and the process of nuclear decay.
19
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
01/16/2013

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Term
Chemical Compound
Definition
Substance formed when the atoms of more than one element combine.
Term
Chemical Formula
Definition
A formula that lists the elements of a compound using subscripts to indicate the number of atoms of each element
Term
Chemical Equation
Definition
A format for writing a chemical reaction listing reactants on the left, products on the right, and drawing an arrow between them.
Term
Law of Mass Conservation
Definition
A law that states "Mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions."
Term
Law of Definite Proportions
Definition
A law that states "Different samples of a pure compound always contain the same proportion of elements by mass."
Term
Law of Multiple Proportions
Definition
A law that states "Elements can combine in different ways to form different chemical compounds, with mass ratios that are small whole-number multiples of each other."
Term
Avagadro's Number
Definition
NA, The number of atoms in 1 mole of an element.
Term
Mole
Definition
The amount of an element whose the mass in grams is equal to the atomic mass of that element.
Term
Molar Mass
Definition
The mass in grams of an element per 1 mole.
Term
Nuclear Chemistry
Definition
The study of the properties and changes to atomic nuclei.
Term
Nuclear Equation
Definition
An equation that represent a nuclear change of one element or isotope into another element or isotope
Term
Radioisotope
Definition
An isotope of an element that undergoes radioactive decay.
Term
Alpha Particle
Definition
A helium nucleus consisting of two protons and two neutrons with a +2 charge.
Term
Beta Particle
Definition
An electron emitted through radioactive decay
Term
Beta Decay
Definition
Radioactive decay where a neutron breaks down into a proton and an electron; emitting the electron from the nucleus.
Term
Alpha Decay
Definition
The decay of an isotope where a Helium nucleus (two protons and two neutrons) is ejected. Common for heavy radioactive isotopes like Uranium-238.
Term
Gamma Radiation
Definition
Electromagnetic radiation of very high energy. Almost always accompanies other forms of radiactive decay. Does not change the atomic or mass number of an isotope.
Term
Positron Emission
Definition
Radioactive decay where a proton breaks down into a neutron and a positive particle with the mass of an electron. The positively charged particle is ejected frm the nucleus.
Term
Electron Capture
Definition
Process where an electron is absorbed into the nucleus to combine with a proton to form a neutron.
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