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Statistics
Ch.2 Understanding the Research Literature
19
Psychology
Graduate
09/19/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Abstract
Definition
A brief description of a study or experiment, including info about the participants, the procedure, and the results. 
Term
Independent Variable
Definition
The variable manipulated by the researcher and expected to inlfuence the dependent variable.
Term
Dependent Variable
Definition
Measures of behaviors or mental processes expected to be affected by IV's. 
Term
Moderating Variables
Definition
Variables that increase, decrease, or reverse the relationship between the IV and DV.
Term
Mediating Variables
Definition
A variable that is assumed to be a predictor of one or more DV's and, at the same time, is predicted by one or more IV's.
Term
Central Tendency
Definition
Average score in a distribution; ex: mean, median, mode. 
Term
Variability
Definition
Spread of scores in a distribution; ex: range, variance, and standard deviation.
Term
Descriptive Statistics
Definition
Numerical summaries of samples or populations. Ex: frequency distributions and measures of average, range, and SD.
Term
Inferential Statistics
Definition
Procedures used to generalize from samples to populations. 
Term
Hypothesis Testing
Definition
Research conducted to test the validity of a hypothesis.
Term
Confidence Interval Estimation
Definition
A range of values with a known probability of containing a parameter. 
Term
Statistical Significance
Definition
An outcome that leads to rejection of the null hypothesis; it indicates that the outcome was unlikely due to chance.
Term
t-Test
Definition
A statistical test of significance used to compare two means.
Term
F-Test
Definition
Also known as analysis of variance; a statistical test that compares means of two or more groups.
Term
Interaction
Definition
The effect of combinations of levels of IV's on the DV.
Term
Chi-Square Tests
Definition
Nonparametric statistical tests that compare theoretical or expected frequencies with obtained frequencies. 
Term
Goodness of Fit Test
Definition
Chi-square test used to compare obtained with expected frequencies on one variable.
Term
Test for Independence
Definition
Chi-square tests used to compare obtained with expected frequencies on two variables.
Term
Categorical Variables
Definition
Discrete variables whose values are mutually exclusive, such as sex or age. 
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