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Details Title: Statistics Vocabulary Description: Basic vocabulary Total Flash Cards: 39 Created: 10/07/2005 12:43:47	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Science (Define and name four reasons why it is important) Definition “A systematic method for the acquisition of knowledge” - Objective - Controlled observations - Replicable - Contributes to theory building - Data-based - Agreed upon vocabulary (Operational Definitions) Term Research Definition Systematic process of collecting and logically analyzing information for some purpose Term Statistics Definition "Methods used to summarize, analyze, or make inferences from data" Term Data (datum) Definition quantifiable information gathered through measurement or observation of behavior or events (controlled; objective; replicable?). Term Descriptive Statistics Definition describe the sample Term Correlational Definition show relationships between variables Term Inferential Statistics Definition make inferences about population or sample Term Four types of Data Definition "empirical, observational, archival, anecdotal" Term Population Definition the total set of individuals of interest Term Samples Definition set of individuals selected from the population of interest (Subjects; Participants) Term Six Types of Sampling Plans Definition "Random, Stratified Random, Volunteers, Convenience, Purposive, Systematic" Term What are the key to making generalizations about the population? Definition representation and sample size Term Variable Definition "ÒA characteristic, influence, or condition that can take on different values at different times, in different contexts, or for different people" Term Independent Variables Definition variables that are manipulated Term Dependent Variables Definition variables that measured or observed for change Term Extraneous Variables Definition "variables that effect outcome, but not intended for study (threats to validity)" Term Discrete variable Definition "one that consists of separate, indivisible categories; no values exist between data points (age in years)" Term Continuous variable Definition "one that has an infinite number of possible values(e.g., age in general - - divisible to into days, hours, minutes, seconds)." Term Constant Definition "A characteristic that does not change, but is the same for every individual." Term Question Definition "An exploratory question of interest (e.g., I wonder whether there is a relationship between these variables)" Term Hypothesis Definition A prediction about the relationship between variables. Term Null Hypothesis Definition prediction of no relationship Term Directional Hypothesis Definition prediction of a specific relationship Term Construct Definition "Hypothetical concepts used in theories to organize observations (e.g., intelligence, self-concept)" Term characteristics of Nominal Scale Definition Data categories are mutually exclusive (can only belong to one category) Term characteristics of Ordinal Scale Definition Data categories are mutually exclusive, have some logical order (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and are scaled according to amount of characteristic. Term characteristics of Interval (Equal Unit Scale) Definition Data categories are mutually exclusive, have a logical order, are scaled according to amount of characteristic they possess. Equal differences in the characteristic is represented by equal differences in numbers assigned. No absolute zero. Term characteristics of Ratio Definition Data categories are mutually exclusive, have a logical order, are scaled according to amount of characteristic they possess. Absolute zero. Equal differences in the characteristic is represented by equal differences in numbers assigned. Term Characteristics of normal curve Definition "bell-shaped, symmetrical, asymptotic, continuous" Term Mean=Median=Mode Definition Normal curve Term Skewness of Mean > Median > Mode Definition postively skewed Term Skewness of Mean < Median < Mode Definition negatively skewed Term Leptokurtic Definition "positive kurtosis, peaked distribution" Term Mesokurtic Definition "kurtosis is 0, has the slope of a normal curve" Term Platykurtic Definition flat/broad distruction with more extreme scores than normal and the remaining scores more evenly distributed than normal Term Central Tendency Definition "A statistic that identifies a single score that represents the typical performance of a population (mean, median, mode)" Term Mean Definition Arithmetic Average Term Median Definition "Midpoint of frequency distribution, 50th percentile" Term Mode Definition most frequently occuring case