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Sports Psych
anxiety/ arousal regulation/ imagery
36
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
10/12/2010

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Term
Arousal
Definition
The cognitive and physiological activity that is in response to some new input
Term
Activation
Definition
cognitive and physiological activity geared toward preparing a planned response to an anticipated situation
Term
Anxiety
Definition
your interpretation on the activation
Term
somatic anxiety
Definition
physiological symptoms of anxiety - sweaty palms, racing heartbeat etc.
Term
Stress
Definition
substantial imbalance between environmental demand and response capability
Term
Stress response stages (4)
Definition
1. Environmental demand
2. Individual's perception of the environmental demand
3. Stress response (cognitive/somatic)
4. Behavioral consequenses
Term
Possible sources of stress
Definition
1. Situational - event importance and uncertainty
2. Personal - trait anx. and self esteem
3. Social physique anxiety
Term
Drive theory
Definition
positive linear relationship between performance and arousal
Term
Social facilitation theory
Definition
presence of others helps in simple tasks, hinders in difficult ones
Term
Inverted U hypothesis
Definition
arousal is good to a certain point, but then become over aroused and it becomes a hindrance. Exact shape depends upon the individual
Term
Individual zone of optimal function (IZOF)
Definition
each athlete has his/her own specific anxiety level that he/she performs best at
Term
Multidimensional anxiety theory
Definition
1. cognitive anx. and performance have negative linear relationship
2. somatic anx - inverted U
3. Self confidence has positive linear relationship (drive theory)
Term
Catastrophe theory
Definition
builds off multidemensional
when cognitive anxiet is low - somatic and performance have inverted U relationship
-high cognitive anxiety - large drop off
Term
reversal theory
Definition
arousal can be interpreted as positive or negative - certain events can cause sudden switch from one side to another
Term
Anxiety direction
Definition
when you interpret anxiety as being facilitative or debilitative
Term
intensity vs direction
Definition
successful athletes are not more intense, they just have a more facilitative interpretation of their anxiety
Term
Coping styles for trait shame
Definition
Men avoid shame
women attack/blame themselves or withdraw
debilitative - higher trait shame
Term
Attentional narrowing
Definition
get so focused on specific task at hand, forget to see the bigger scheme of the game
Term
Awareness development techniques
Definition
1. keep a journal
2. use psychological tests
3. imagery
4. group discussion
Term
Somatic Anxiety reduction techniques
Definition
1. Jacobson's progressive relaxation
2. Breath control
Term
Cognitive anxiety reduction techniques
Definition
1. relaxation response - using a cue word for focus and relaxation
2. autogenic training - focus on warmth, heaviness of limbs
Term
problem focused coping strategies
Definition
goal setting, time management - used when situation can be changed
Term
Emotion focused coping
Definition
meditation, relaxation response, prayer, blocking
Term
arousal regulation overall aprroach
Definition
1. find right anxiety level for athlete
2. Use goal setting
3. Positive self talk - concentrate on strengths
Term
Imagery
Definition
creating or recreating experiences cognitively
Term
Psychoneuromuscular theory
Definition
Imagery programs the muscles for action
-muscle activity mirrors actual movement
Term
Symbolic learning theory
Definition
imagery Programs the mind to understand the movement - crates a mental blurprint
Term
Psychological skills hypothesis
Definition
imagery increases ability to focus, concentrate, and increases confidence
Term
Motivation specific imagery
Definition
imagery represents specific goals such as winning
Term
motivational general mastery imagery
Definition
effective coping and mastery of a challenge
Term
cognitive specific imagery
Definition
using imagery to rehearse of specific skills
Term
cognitive general imagery
Definition
develops cognitive plans/strategies
Term
factors affecting imagery effectiveness
Definition
athlete experience
nature of task - amount of cognitive awareness necessary
Term
vividness
Definition
reality of imagery
Term
controllability
Definition
being able to manipulate the image into what you want
Term
Problems with imagery use
Definition
over-confidence, may make athletes over-excited, distraction/lack of control
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