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Spinal Cord Injuries
Brain
19
Science
Professional
09/28/2011

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Cards

Term
3 most common etiologies of Spinal cord injuries:
Definition
Vehicle, fall, violence
Term
2 positive prognostic factors for recovery
Definition
age and initial motor strength
also: pinprick around perianal
--under 50 or D level
Term
C4 funtional capacity
Definition
sip and puff control, total assistance needed
Term
C5 func cap
Definition
joystick
Term
C6 func cap
Definition
use arms, wheelchair indoors, van, trouble with hands
Term
T10-L1 func cap
Definition
ab muscles work can use wheelchair well
Term
UMN 3 signs of damage
Definition
increased tone, increased reflexes, spastic paralysis
Term
LMN 3 signs of damage
Definition
decreased tone, absent reflex, flaccid paralysis
Term
Central Cord Syndrome
Definition
Occurs with: hyperextension injury, compression of the cord, low velocity injuries, fractures and dislocations
Focus of injury: central gray matter of the cord
Results in: at injury: LMN weakness
Below injury: UMN spasticity
Lower limb function less severally impacted
Term
Brown Sequard Syndrome
Definition
Occurs with: hemisection of the cord
Focus of injury: lateral half of the cord
Results in: Same side deficits (motor control, proprioception, vibratory sensation)
Oppisite side deficits (pain and temp)
Term
anterior cord syndrome
Definition
Occurs with: vascular occlusion or injury, burst injury
Focus of injury: anerior 2/3 of cord
Results in: loss of motor function, loss of pain and temp, preservation of light touch and joint position sense
Term
Cauda equina syndrome
Definition
Occurs with central disc herniation, lumbar burst fractures
Focus of injury: individual nerve roots below spinal cord
Results in:LMN flaccid paralysis, partial or complete loss of sensation
Term
Conus medularris syndrome
Definition
Occurs with: Central disc herniations, lumbar burst fractures
Focus of injury: lower spinal cord and/or individual nerve roots
Results in: Mixed UMN and LMN paralysis, variable sensory loss, either preserved or areflexic bowel and bladder, anasthesia in the sacral dermatones, erectile dysfunction
Term
autonomic dysreflexia description
Definition
condition of imbalanced reflex sympathetic discharge in response to noxious stimuli after spinal cord injury (SCI)
-hyperactive sympathetic output
Term
pathophys of autonomic dysreflexia
Definition
A noxious stimulus activates nociceptors below the neurological level of injury (NLI) setting off a barrage of afferent impulses

Sympathetic neurons are activated in the spinal cord below the NLI producing a generalized sympathetic response

see slides
Term
UMN Bowel
Definition
supra-sacral segment damage, reflex mediated colonic peristalsis, Defecation cannot be initiated by voluntary relaxation of the external anal sphincter
Term
LMN bowel
Definition
S2-S4 anterior horn cell or cauda equina damage
No reflex mediated colonic peristalsis
Slow stool propulsion coordinated by the intrinsically innervated myenteric plexus
Anal sphincter is typically atonic and prone to stool leakage
Term
LMN Bladder
Definition
Urinary incontinence if the externally applied detrusor pressure is greater than the resting sphincter outlet resistance

Urinary retention if the resting sphincter outlet resistance is greater than the greatest externally applied detrusor pressure
Term
UMN Bladder
Definition
If detrusor (bladder) contraction is stronger than the sphincter contraction then urine will come out and there will be incontinence.

If sphincter contraction is stronger than the detrusor (bladder) contraction then urine will not come out and there will be retention.
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