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Special Circulatory Pathways
EXAM 2
44
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/13/2012

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Cards

Term
In the fetus, what is the site of getting nutrients and getting rid of waste?
Definition
The placenta
Term
The placenta is connected to the fetus via the what?
Definition
Umbilical cord
Term
If you cut open the umbilical cord what 3 vessels would you see?
Definition
2 umbilical artieries and 1 umbilical vein
Term
The umbilical arteries go where?
Definition
From the fetal heart to capillaries in the placenta
Term
The umbilcal vein goes where?
Definition
From the placenta to the fetus, thru the umbilicus towards the liver
Term
Umbilical arteries give rise to what?
Definition
fetal capillaries
Term
Where are the fetal capillaries located?
Definition
inside the finger-like projections, Chorionic Villi
Term
Chorionic cilli "invade" what organ?
Definition
The uterus, becoming maternal blood sinuses
Term
Where do substances such as O2 cross the placenta?
Definition
at the Villi
Term
After blood is fully oxygenated by the mother where does it go?
Definition
To the umbilical vein
Term
There is a branch off of the umbilical vein, where does it empty? And what is the main vessel now called?
Definition
Into the fetal hepatic portal vein.
the ductus venosus
Term
Where does the ductus venosus empty?
Definition
The IVC
Term
After mixing the high oxygenated with low oxygenated blood this means the fetus exist in what kind of enviroment?
Definition
A hypoxic enviroment
Term
What is the foramen ovale?
Definition
A hole in the interatrial septum
Term
Of the blood entering the right atrium (fetus) it may bypass the pulmonary circulation and go where?
Definition
Through the foramen ovale into the left atrium
Term
What is the ductus arteriosus?
Definition
A special fetal structure that goes from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta.
Term
What keeps the foramen ovale open?
Definition
blood flow
Term
What happens to the foramen ovale after childbirth?
Definition
Lungs become inflated, there is less resistence for blood flow to lungs. Flap in the foramen ovale closes and within days seals shut
Term
What is the foramen ovale called after it is sealed?
Definition
The fossa ovale
Term
What happens to the ductus arteriosus after childbirth?
Definition
There is a decreased blood flow and slowly fills with connective tissue and become a band of tissue
Term
What is the ductus arteriosus called after childbirth?
Definition
The ligamentum arteriosum
Term
What does the ductus venosus become after childbirth?
Definition
ligamentum teres, round ligament of liver
Term
Where do the coronary arteries originate?
Definition
at the base of the aortic semilunar valve
Term
Cardiac veins converge where?
Definition
the coronary sinus
Term
Ischemia
Definition
the weakening of a tissue due to reduced O2 supply (any tissue)
Term
Angina Pectoris
Definition
ischemia of the myocardium(not heart attack)
Term
An angina pectoris is a warning sign for what?
Definition
problems caused by build up of fatty plaque in the coronary vessels
Term
How is angina pectoris treated?
Definition
with nitroglycerine, which dilates vessels
Term
Infarction
Definition
death of tissue due to lack of O2
Term
Myocardial infarction
Definition
heart attack caused by thrombus or embolus
Term
The brain gets blood from what 4 arteries?
Definition
2 internal carotids and 2 vertebrals
Term
All 4 of the arteries that supply blood to the brain feed into what anastomosis?
Definition
Circle of Willis (inferior cerebral circle)
Term
Entire blood supply to the brain starts by branching off where?
Definition
The circle of willis
Term
What is the common site of blood blockage in the brain?
Definition
carotid sinus
Term
CVA
Definition
Cerebral vascular accident
Term
cerberal vascular accident
Definition
stroke, brain attack. any interuption in the cerebral circulation
Term
What are common ways of a CVA occuring
Definition
1. embolic: thrombus or embolus (80% of CVA)
2. hemorrhagic
Term
The liver recieves blood from what 2 sources?
Definition
1. hepatic artery
2. hepatic portal vein
Term
The hepatic artery carries____.
Definition
typical arterial blood
Term
The hepatic portal vein carries _____.
Definition
all the blood returning from capillaries of the digestice tract, liver and spleen
Term
The hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein branch repeatedly into what?
Definition
hepatic sinusoids
Term
Hepatic sinusoids drain into what?
Definition
central veins
Term
The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of what 2 veins?
Definition
splenic and superior mesenteric
Term
What vein empties into the splenic vein?
Definition
The inferior mesenteric vein
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