Shared Flashcard Set

Details

sop3004
final exam
41
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
12/10/2009

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Foot in the Door technique
Definition

technique of persuasion based on Cognitive Dissonance Theory

**get somebody to comply to a large request by first making a small one**

Term
Labeling Technique
Definition

Assigning a label to an individual then requesting a favor consistent with that labe 

- related to the self-fulfilling prophecy - people tend to live up to the labels others give them. 

Term
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Definition

Feedback from the face muscles evokes/magnifies emotions

*participants who held the pen in their teeth thought the cartoon's were funnier than those with the pens between their lips*

-being forced to smile/frown controlled their attitudes

Term

Emergency Helping (bystander effect)

Darly and Latane Intercom study

Definition
Participants believed they were taking part in a group discussion over the intercom. during the session one confederate pretended to have a seizure and called for help. the participants that knew they were the only one listening helped almost every time. the chances of the victim getting help decreased as the amount of people increased.  
Term
Pluralistic ignorance 
Definition
looking to others for cues about how to behave; while they are looking at you for the same thing; a collective misinterpretation 
Term
Bystander Effect
Definition
the finding that people are less likely to offer help when they are in a group rather than when they are alone (Darly and Latane Intercom study) 
Term
Diffusion of Responsibility
Definition
reduction of feeling responsible that occurs when more people are present 
Term
Social Brain Hypothesis 
Definition

Bigger brains were linked to having a bigger, more complex social structure

*it evolved mainly in order to enable humans to have rich, complex social lives*

Humans developed psychologically to be able to fit into a social group

Term
Minimal Groups Paradigm
Definition

Studies showed that groups couldn't be separated because no matter what they seperated the groups by there were still in group prejudices

*people show favoritism toward in group members even when the group membership is randomly determined

Term

Agression and anti-social Behavior 

*Bobo Doll Study*

Definition

bobo doll study - indicated that watching someone perform an aggressive act resulted in an aggressive behavior

later bobo doll study - people were rewarded/punished - seeing someone punished for an aggressive behavior didn't result in another aggressive behavior by the children, seeing someone rewarded did. 

Term
Halo Effect
Definition
If someone is highly conventionally attractive we tend to think they are better at everything; not just looks. They're better people in general 
Term
Stanford Prison Study
Definition
Outcome - it put good people in a bad situation; the situation won
Term
Endowment Effect
Definition

Anything that belongs to you is automatically awesome and valuable. We love our own valuables and ourselves

- had people rate objects before and after they owned them. The objects were rated higher after they owned it, even if it was only owned for 5 min.

Term
Self Determination theory
Definition

people tend to show more persistence and enjoyment at a task if they're acting on a particular type of motivation (intrinsic)

- at least some of people's activities must be motivated by their inner drives and choices instead of external factors (such as bribes) 

Term
Self-Esteem 
Definition
we tend to think about other people and ourselves. Social cognition, thinking socially, we ignore bad things people say about us and pay more attention to the positives
Term
Sociometer
Definition

Show's how well we're doing socially

measure of how desirable one would be to other people as a relationship partner, team member, employee, or colleague

Term
Bully's/Low self esteem 
Definition

Bullies have high self-esteem, people who stand up to bullies also have high self-esteem

*not all of the above answer*

Term
Realistic Conflict Theory
Definition

suggests that prejudice arises because there is tension between groups due to a limited amount of resources

*jobs are scarce; tend to have a lot of negative events between different groups because it will worsen the tension that's already there*

Term
Soloman Asch
Definition

Men judge the lengths of lines to test conformity, even when it was really obvious that the people who were confederates of the experiment were lying. ash found people were willing to go along just to get along. 

*Normative Social Influence*

Term
Social Identity Theory
Definition

we like to think that the groups we belong to rock because we belong to them

BIRCHing and CORFing

Term
Group Think
Definition

the more cohesive a group is and the better, stronger, leader it has, the more prone it is to making horrible decisions

 

*overcoming group think with devils advocate*

Term
Duplex Mind
Definition

Unconscious and conscious systems allow for explicit and implicit reactions

Conscious=explicit

Unconscious=implicit

Term
Self regulation
Definition
Will power! 
Term
Self regulatory failure
Definition

Problems with standards, monitoring and strength 

 

TOTE - Test, operate, test, exit

 

Term
Ego Depletion 
Definition

Bowmeister's extensive research (using up of said resources)

self regulation relies on a limited resource that can be easily depleted

Term
Aversive racism
Definition

a kind of ambivalent attitude - people have overly positive attitudes towards one group, and yet they'll have implicit attitudes towards the same group that are less flattering

"i love white people but they're greedy"

Term
Social Facilitation vs Social Inhibition
Definition

Beginner vs. pro (pool hall study)

*based on the notion that being in front of a group tends to make you respond with your dominant response; our dominant response, for those who have practiced something, will be to show off and perform. those who have not will choke

Term
ABC's of prejudice
Definition
Affect, Behavior, Cognition
Term

Kitty Genovese/bystander effect 

Definition

Attacked by a knife-wielding rapist outside her apartment – her screams for help aroused 38 of her neighbors.

Many watched from their windows for 35 min as she tried to escape. No one called the police or sought to help

– in fact her attacker left her twice then returned each time, if someone had come to help her into the building during those intervals she would have lived. 

*everyone thought that someone else was calling the police or going to help*

Term
Out-group Homogeneity 
Definition
notion that they all look alike, all have the same opinion/thoughts, people from an out-group are perceived as being very similar to one another; while we see the differences in our own "in-group"
Term
Availability Heuristic
Definition
Peculiar form of thinking causes us to overestimate our odds of being attacked by a shark when we are more likely to be hit by a falling object from the sky
Term
Universality of emotion
Definition
Mosomotos Study - found that athletes that were born blind and sighted athletes made the same emotions when they won/loss. proving that emotions are universal
Term
Forted Baby Study
Definition

Stephanie was sad

Stephen was angry

Term
Downward Social Comparison
Definition
Makes us feel better to compare ourselves to someone of less skill/value
Term
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Definition
the theory that inconsistencies produce psychological discomfort, leading people to rationalize their behavior or change their attitudes
Term
Stereotype Threat
Definition

the fear that one might confirm the stereotypes that others hold

Cognitive load - a larger cognitive load - thinking about the performance of their group, trying to prove their group's worthiness 

Term
Self-defeating prophecy
Definition

a prediction that ensures, by the behavior it generates, that it will not come true

 

men with baby faces attempt to appear macho

Term
Hieders Balance Theory
Definition

we want harmony between the different things that we like

"i like you, but you don't like twilight"

Term
Illusory Correlations
Definition

the tendency to overestimate the link between variables that are related only slightly or not at all

-people over estimate the frequency of undesirable behavior by minorities

* can lead to negative attitudes about out-group members

Term
Fundamental Attribution error
Definition
Tendency for observers to attribute other people's behavior to internal or dispositional causes and to downplay situational causes
Supporting users have an ad free experience!