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Solar System (chapter 19)
N/A
28
Astronomy
Undergraduate 1
11/07/2011

Additional Astronomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What were the different solar system origin hypothesis?
Definition

1. Passing Star

2. Nebular

3. Solar Nebular

Term

What are the two broad catagories of solar system origin hypothesis?

Describe and state what they imply

Definition

1. Eolutionary- Suggest that common, gradual processes produced the sun and planets and this hypothesis implys that solar systems and stars are very common

 

2. Catastrophic- Suggests that unlinkely, sudden events created the solar system. This hypothesis implys that solar systems are very rare

Term
What is the passing star hypothesis
Definition
Suggested our solar system was formed when two stars passed near each other and material was pulled out of one to form other planets
Term
Who was george- Louis Buffon?
Definition
He created the passing star hypothesis
Term
Who was Rene Descartes?
Definition
He created the first evolutionary hypothesis of solar system creation
Term
What was the first physical theory of solar system creation?
Definition
That the sun & planets were created when a large vortex contracted and condensed
Term
What is the solar nebular theory
Definition
Suggested that the solar system formed from a rotating cloud of dust and gas
Term
What is the nebular hypothesis
Definition
The solar system formed out of a rotating cloud of dust
Term
Who created the nebular theory
Definition
Pierre simon Le Place
Term
What is the angular momentum problem?
Definition
The nebula theory would suggest that the sun has the most angular momentum in the solar system when in reality it rotates reletivly slowly compared to the planets
Term
what is an extra solar planet?
Definition
a planet orbiting a star other than the sun
Term
What is a terrestrial planet & what are their names?
Definition
Earth- like planet small, dense, and rocky and they are mercury, venus, earth, earths moon & mars
Term
What is a jovian planet & which planets are jovian?
Definition
Jupiter like planet with large diameter and low density and they include jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune
Term
What are the galilean satelites?
Definition
Jupiters 4 moons named after their discoverer Galileo
Term
What is an asteroid?
Definition
A small rocky world, most asteroids lie between Mars and Jupiter in the asteroid belt
Term
What is a comet
Definition
One of the small, icy bodies that orbit the sun and produce tails of gas
Term
What is a meteor
Definition
A small bit of matter heated by friction to incandescent vapor as it falls into earths atmosphere
Term
what is a meteoroid?
Definition
A meteor in space before it enters earths atmosphere
Term
What is a meteorite?
Definition
A meteor that has survived its passage through the atmosphere and strikes the ground
Term
What is a planetesimal?
Definition
One of the small bodies that formed from the solar nebula and eventually grew into a protoplanet
Term
what is accretion
Definition
When particles stick together to create a larger particle
Term
What is a protoplanet?
Definition
Massive objects resulting from the coalenscence of planetesimals in the solar nebula that will eventually become a planet
Term
What is differentiation?
Definition
the seperation of material according to density
Term
What is outgassing?
Definition
the creation of planetary atmosphere from a planets interior
Term
What produced the iron in earths core and the heavier elements like iodine?
Definition
Once a planet is melted, the process of differentiation would move the heavy metals- such as iron and iodine- towards the core while lighter silicates and related materials float to the surface to create a low density crust
Term
What evidence can you cite that disks of gas and dust are common around young stars?
Definition
1. The hubble space telescope can see the silhouette of disks against the Orion nebula that surround newborn stars and astronomers also can detect hot, dense planet forming disks in the orion nebula and that 50% stars new and old in the orion nebula have disks.
Term

What process cleared the protoplanetary nebula away and ended planet building?

Definition
Exterior Processes:
1. Radiation from nearby hot stars evaporating the disk of dust and gas as well as the gravitational influence of other nearby stars pulling the gas away
Interior processes
2. Radiation pressure from the sun would have pushed against the small particles of the solar nebula but left larger particles like planets and planetisimals and planets would not be effected
3. Young stars with accelerated solar winds would also push left over particles out of the solar system
4.Left over particles being either swept up or pushed away by planets in motion
Term
what is the ice line?
Definition
in the solar nebula, the boundary beyond which water vapors and other compounds could form ice particles
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