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Soft tissue injury
Lecture 20
13
Pharmacology
Professional
09/15/2012

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Cards

Term
What are acute and chronic injuries of soft tissue?
Definition
Acute:
- Sprain - injury to ligament, serious such as tearing ACL, Most common is the ankle, may feel a pop. 3 degrees. Pain, swelling, bruise
- Strain - muscle or tendon. Lower back or hamstring. Minimal inflammation, minimal swelling
Chronic - over-use
Term
How are ligament tears treated?
Definition
Complete tears - surgery
Ice ASAP, then heat after 48 hours
Analgesics - high dose NSAIDs then taper
Immobalization/Compression - treats edema
ICE - Ice, compression, relaxation
Term
What is the dose of tylenol for children?
Definition
10mg/kg
Term
What drugs are salicylates?
Definition
Doan's - Magnesium salicylate/benadryl
Trilisate/Choline Mg trisalicylate
Salasalate
Diflunisal
Weaker than ASA - less side effects. Usually buffered, can still cause ulcers.
Avoid in PUD, asthma, warfarin, pregnant, less than 18
Term
When should tylenol be avoided?
Definition
- Alcohol consumption
- Liver dysfunction, phenytoin
- high dose may increase warfarin concentrations
Term
Which NSAIDs have the greatest risk of GI toxicity?
Definition
Fenoprofen
Indomethacin
Ketorolac
Oxaprozin
Piroxicam
Term
How do Athletes have adverse Rxns with NSAIDs?
Definition
Loading up on NSAIDs predisposes for hyponatremia. Do not take BEFORE doing an activity.
Term
What is the black box warning on NSAIDs?
Definition
Increase chance of heart attack or stroke. do not use right before or after CABG
Term
What are some interactions of NSAIDs?
Definition
- Ibu + Dig --> inhibits clearance of dig
- Ibu + lithium --> increases lithium
- Ibu + BB, AceI, diuretics
- decreased clearance of MTX
Term
Which NSAIDs are topical NSAIDs?
Definition
- Voltaren 1% gel - indicated for OA
- Flector 1.3 % patch - strains and sprains
- Pennsaid - in DMSO solvent
Good for elderly or hx of PUD. Concentrations in joints higher w/ topical as well as in tendon sheath. Reduces pain by 50%
Term
How is DMSO used?
What is ethyl chloride spray?
Definition
industrial grade not the same as Rx grade. Great anti-inflammatory, but causes liver disease
- Ethyl chloride - skin refrigerant, short acting
Term
How should topical lidocaine NOT be used?
Definition
do not apply to a large area
do not apply to broken skin
Do not cover with heat
Term
How are counterirritants used?
Definition
- Trolamine - no odor. In aspercreme. Counters severe pain w/ a less severe one.
- Camphor, menthol
Ideal ratio: 10% camphor, 16% menthol, 30% methyl salicylate. Bengay or tiger rub
- Capsaicin - usually says warming. Creams most popular.
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