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Definition
| the different levels of society that are arranged in a hierarchy |
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| explanations for why social arrangements are right and proper |
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| a completely closed system of stratification in which statuses are inherited |
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| what many non-Hindus refer to as reincarnation |
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| the Hindu belief that people who live good lives will be rewarded by being born into a higher caste in the next life |
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| caste-based duties in the Hindu religion |
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| "colors of being" in the Hindu religion; refers to the arrangement of Hindu people into castes |
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| occupational groups within castes in India |
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| estate system (medieval europe) |
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Definition
| the broad divisions of society, usually distinguishing nobility, clergy, and commoners recognized in the Middle Ages and later, in some parts of Europe |
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| estates (first, second, third) |
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| the most common type of serf in the Middle Ages who had more rights and higher status than the lowest serf, but were under a number of legal restrictions that differentiated them from the freeman |
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| a term referring to the press |
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| Marx's conception of class |
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Definition
| according to this sociologist, the most important thing about any society was its economic system, especially the means by which it produced the stuff that people needed to survive |
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| marx's term for the class of people who own the means of production in modern society, the capatalists |
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| marx's term for the class of people who survive in modern society by selling their labor to the bourgeoisie |
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| Weber's conception of class |
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Definition
| sociologist who theorized that Marx's conception of economic class was too narrow and not only does the market situation of an individual affect class but also the dynamics of power and status in society |
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Term
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Definition
| distinctive ways in which people consume goods and services; the social customs associated with each class |
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| the observation that the intensity of social inequality varies with the economic structure of society |
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| according to Weber as "the probability that one actor within a social relationship will be in a position to carry out his own will despite resistance" |
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| an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family’s economic and social position relative to others, based on income, education, and occupation |
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| a type of slavery in which the slaves are treated as if they were property of their masters, in much the same way as goats or cattle |
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| process my which a slave is granted freedom |
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| the degree to which an individual's family or group's social status can change throughout the course of their life through a system of social hierarchy or stratification |
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| movement within a particular social stratum |
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| movement (up or down) from one social stratum into another |
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| intergenerational mobility |
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| social mobility that occurs across generations. for example, when a daughter achieves a higher social status than her parents |
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| intragenerational mobility |
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Definition
| social mobility experienced during an individuals lifetime |
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| a system in which boundaries between strata are permeable and positions in society are achieved |
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| a system in which boundaries between strata are impermeable and positions in society are ascribed without opportunity for change |
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| norm that required an individual to marry someone from outside of his or her own kinship, religious, or social class group |
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Definition
| norm that requires an individual to marry someone from within his or her own kinship, religious, or social class group |
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| the probabilities concerning the fate an individual can expect in life |
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| according to Weber, legitimate power |
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