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Sociology Terms
kline: chapter 8
10
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
10/09/2009

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Term
Stigma
Definition
"blemishes" that discredit a person's claim to "normal" identity
Term
Genetic Predisposition
Definition
inborn tendencies; in this context, to commit deviant acts
Term
Differential Association
Definition
(symbolic interactionist perspective) Sutherland's term to indicate the association with some groups results in learns as "excess of definitions" of deviance, and, by extension, in a greater likelihood that one will become deviant
Term
Control Theory
Definition
(conflict theory) the idea that two control system- inner controls and outer controls- work against our tendencies to deviate
Term
Labeling Theory
Definition
(SI) the view that the labels ppl are given affect their own and others' perceptions of them, thus channeling their behavior either into deviance or into conformity
Term
Techniques of Neutralization
Definition
ways of thinking or rationalizing that help ppl deflect society's norms

denial of responsibility. denial of injury. denial of a victim. condemnation of the condemner. appeal to higher loyalties.
Term
Strain Theory
Definition
(functionalists) Robert Merton's term for the strain engendered when a society socializes large numbers of ppl to desire a cultural goal(success) but withholds from many the approved means of reaching that goal; adapt to crime, to attain the cultural goal.
Term
Institutionalized means
Definition
approved ways of reaching cultural goals
Term
Illegitimate Opportunity Structure
Definition
opportunities for crimes that are woven into the texture of life
Term
Recidivism rate
Definition
the proportion of released convicts who are rearrested
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