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Sociology Terms
kline:chapter 4
19
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
10/09/2009

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Term
Social Structure
Definition
the framework that surrounds us, consisting of the relationships of people and groups, which give direction to and sets limits on behavior
Term
Social Class
Definition
according to Weber, a large group of people who rank close to one another in wealth, prestige, and power; according to Marx, one of two groups: capitalists who own means of production or workers who sell their labor
Term
Status
Definition
the position that someone occupies in society or in a social group
Term
Status Set
Definition
all the statuses or positions that an individual occupies
Term
Ascribed Statuses
Definition
positions an individual either inherits at birth or receives involuntarily later in life
Term
Achieved Statues
Definition
position that are earned, accomplished, or involve at least some effort or activity on the individual's part
Term
Status Symbols
Definition
items used to identify a status
Term
Master Status
Definition
a status that cuts across the other statuses that an individual occupies
Term
Status Inconsistency
Definition
ranking high on some dimensions of social class and low on others, also called status discrepancy
Term
Roles
Definition
the behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a status
Term
Social Institution
Definition
the organized, usual, or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs
Term
Organic Solidarity
Definition
Durkehim's term for the interdependence that results from the division of labor. ppl depending on others to fulfill their jobs
Term
Mechanical Solidarity
Definition
Durkheim's term for the unity (a shared consciousness) that ppl feel as a result of performing the same or simliar tasks
Term
Dramaturgy
Definition
and approach, pioneered by Erving Goffman, in which social life is analyzed in term of drama or the stage; also called dramaturgical analysis
Term
Impression Management
Definition
ppl's efforts to control the impressions that others receive of them (dramaturgy)
Term
Role Conflict
Definition
conflicts that someone feels between roles because the expectations attached to one role are incompatible with the expectations of another role
Term
Role Strain
Definition
conflicts that someone feels within a role
Term
ethnomethodology
Definition
the study of how ppl use background assumptions to make sense out of life
Term
Background assumptions
Definition
deeply embedded common understandings of how the world operates and how ppl ought to act
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