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Sociology Pt 2
Sociology
46
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
12/11/2015

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Cards

Term
Reference Group
Definition
A social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations and decisions
Term
Crime
Definition
The violation of society's formally enacted crime law
Term
Deviance
Definition
The recognized violation of cultural norms
Term
Deviance
Definition
The recognized violation of cultural norms
Term
Caste System
Definition
Social stratification based on ascription, or birth
Term
Social Stratification
Definition
A system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy
Term
Dependency Theory
Definition
A model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of poor nations by rich ones
Term
Modernization Theory
Definition
A model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of technological and cultural differences between nations
Term
Nonverbal Communication
Definition
Communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech
Term
Ingroup
Definition
A social group toward which a member feels respect and loyalty
Term
Network
Definition
A web of weak social ties
Term
Outgroup
Definition
A social group toward which a person feels a sense of competition or opposition
Term
Discrimination
Definition
Unequal treatment of various categories of people
Term
Ethnicity
Definition
A shared cultural heritage
Term
Prejudice
Definition
A rigid and unfair generalization about an entire category of people
Term
Racism
Definition
The belief that one racial category is innately superior or inferior to another
Term
Stereotype
Definition
A simplified description applied to every person in some category
Term
Gender
Definition
The personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male
Term
Matriarchy
Definition
A form of social organization in which females dominate males
Term
Patriarchy
Definition
A form of social organization in which males dominate females
Term
Politics
Definition
The social institution that distributes power, sets a society's goals, and makes decisions
Term
Profane
Definition
Included as an ordinary element of everyday life
Term
Religion
Definition
A social institution involving beliefs and practices based on recognizing the sacred
Term
Endogamy
Definition
Marriage between people of the same social category
Term
Exogamy
Definition
Marriage between people of different social categories
Term
Family
Definition
A social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including any children
Term
Nuclear Family
Definition
A family composed of one or two parents and their children also known as a conjugal family
Term
Age-sex Pyramid
Definition
A graphic representation of the age and sex of a population
Term
Demography
Definition
The study of human population
Term
Fertility
Definition
The incidence of childbearing in a country's population
Term
Sex Ratio
Definition
The number of males for every 100 females in a nation's population
Term
Gemeinschaft
Definition
A type of social organization in which people are closely tied by kinship and tradition
Term
Gesellschaft
Definition
A type of social organization in which people come together only on the basis of individual self-interest
Term
Ecology
Definition
The study of the interaction of living organisms and the natural environment
Term
Anomie
Definition
Durkheim's term for a condition in which society provides little moral guidance to individuals
Term
Triad
Definition
A social group with three members
Term
Correlation
Definition
A relationship in which two (or more) variables change together
Term
Symbol
Definition
Anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture
Term
High Culture
Definition
Cultural patterns that distinguish a society's elite
Term
Cultural Universals
Definition
Traits that are part of every known culture
Term
Tradition
Definition
Behavior, values, and beliefs passed form generation to generation
Term
Colonialism
Definition
The process by which some nations enrich themselves through political and economic control of other nations
Term
Pluralism
Definition
A state in which people of all races and ethnicities are distinct but have equal social standing
Term
Capitalism
Definition
An economic system in which natural resources and the means of producing goods and services are privately owned
Term
Tertiary Sector
Definition
The part of the economy that involves services rather than goods
Term
Cohort
Definition
A category of people with something in common, usually their age
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