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sociology midterm
reading notes
54
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
10/07/2009

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Cards

Term
social integration
Definition
  • the degree to which peope are tied to a social group
  • Durkheim
Term
social regulation
Definition
  • tied to a social regulation
  • Durkheim
Term
Egoistic
Definition
  • too little integration
  • is suicide resulting from a weakening of commitment to group values and goals
  • ex. christmas, unibomber
Term
Altruistic
Definition
  • too much integration
  • suicide precipitated by an over commitment to group values and norms
  • ex. suicide bombers, religious cults
Term
Fatalistic
Definition
  • too much regulation
  • suicide derived fro excessive regulation
  • ex. work-a-holics, "Romeo & Juliet", students, addicts, prison, bullied
Term
anomic
Definition
  • too little regulation
  • an apperance of normlessness- suicide that occurs when rapid or extreme change or crisis threatens group norms
  • anomie, anomaly, anomalous
  • ex. the sick market crash, Katrina
Term
Functionalist
Definition
  • order and stablity
  • interrelated and interdependent parts
  • must work together as a whole to be at it's best
  • if one part stops they will cease to exist
  • interfierance will throw the system off
  • ex. no gov. involvment in welfare
  • ex. (parts of society) poverty, crime, drug addiction, divorce, mental problems
  • purpose of crime: set boundaries
  • NOT about equality
  • cyclical
Term
Confilct
Definition
  • conflict as an inevitable fact of social life
  • brings about change
  • oppisite of functionalist
  • want equality and need change to come about it
Term
symbolic interactionist
Definition
  • how individuals make sense of their social world in an in depth and fine tunned manner
  • uses symbols
  • ex. verbal language, clothes, mannerisms
  • interact only in our culture because of our experiance in the culture
  • ex. "whats up?"
  • can be manipulated easily
  • symbols have meaning behind it
  • ex: the American flag
Term
Transformed frame
Definition
  • is an occurance that appears to be socially, politically or ideologically occuring but is not actually taking place
  • usually in the form of metaphors
  • ex: statement of "War on Terror" (can not actually pronounce war on terror >too broad >can't defeat terror
Term
feudalism
Definition
  • lords and surfs
  • large gap
Term
Karl Marx
Definition
  • had a Utopian view
  • >no social classes, >total equality, >no countries
  • saw capitalism as a fundamental divide between the proletariat and bourgenoise
  • new capitalism needed to keep expanding to new markets
Term
bourgeoiseie
Definition
upper class/ the elite
Term
proletariat
Definition
lower class/ mostly the working
Term
ideology
Definition
a set of beliefs that are  not easily challenged or subjected to scrutiny by the people that hold them
Term
alienation
Definition
  • a state in which human life is dominated by the forces of human invention
  • The indivicuals work is seperate from their identity
Term
false consciousness
Definition
  • why do workers accept such unequal treatment?
  • Marx said it was b/c of false consciousness- they live throught an ideology that social constructs their reality so they think that they are donig better than they actually are
Term
symbols
Definition
allows us to pass on and transmit
Term
language
Definition
does not only consruct symbols that are higly abstracted from everyday symbols but also can bring back these symbols from the past and presenting as if they were real in everyday life
Term
dramatergical
Definition
  • every individual is an actor in a play on stage
Term
front stage
Definition

formal interaction from rules and learned behavior

>>raising hand in class

Term
back stage
Definition

informal interaction

>>a class taken out of school setting and put into a party setting

Term
off stage
Definition

no social interactions

>>the bathroom

Term
Milgram
Definition
  • shock experiment
  • everyone is obidient
Term
culture
Definition
a way of life esspecially general customs of a particular group of people at a particular time (a general guide line for normal behavior)
Term
ethnocentrism
Definition

ones belief that one's culture is correct and proper and any others  that differ are incorrects and inproper

  • genocide
  • narrow minded
  • no universal culture
Term
status
Definition

a heirachal position in society

  • achieved- attempting to achieve a higher status
  • higher education
  • ascribed- given to us independent of what you do
  • being born into royalty
Term
role
Definition

an expectation of what individuals should do in accordance with their status

  • role and status go hand in hand
  • stability and order are made from roles and status
Term
conflict
Definition
conflict between roles and status
Term
set
Definition
an array of roles attatched to one particular status
Term
social aggregate
Definition

a number of people who happen to be in the same place at one time but do not interact

  • elevator
  • movie theater
  • library
  • public bus
Term
material culture
Definition
the tangible objects of a culture that have meaning
Term
non material culture
Definition

non tangible, symbolism or meaning behind material

  • the meaning bedind a wedding ring
  • the meaning of the flag
Term
primary groups
Definition

group who's members act informaly, in a sort of bonding/ relaxing

  • family
  • close friends
  • sports team (the more bonded the higher the chance of winning)
Term
secondary group
Definition

out in public; formal interaction

  • classroom
Term
mores
Definition

strong norms that specify normal behaviors

  • >>weddings: dress nice, don't hit on the bride
  • customs
  • traditions
Term
subcultures
Definition

groups that share in some parts of the dominet culture but have their own distinctive values, norms, langauge or material or non material culture

  • flexiblity
  • individual freedom
  • >>the omish
  • still boundaries and limits
Term
culture relativism
Definition

the attempt at understanding in regard to cultural evaluation

  • oppisite of ethnocentric
Term
acculturation
Definition
one culture dominating and influencing another
Term
Egalitarian system
Definition

the least stratified society in which social inequality is minimal

  • primative societies
  • depends on the leader
  • inequality still comes from gender among other components
Term
caste
Definition

ranked on the bases of traits which they have no control

  • stay where your born
  • top: religious leaders
  • bottom: untouchables (work is concidered religiously unclean)
  • can't move up
Term
class
Definition

people are ranked on the basis of merit talent and ability

  • having reasources
  • lower class can have merit talent and intelligence
  • we are loosing collectivity because we have the money
  • middle class used to be the working class
  • cheap wages for labor intensive work
  • take them for granted
Term
upper (lecture)
Definition

3% of population controling over half of wealth

  • imbalance of wealth
  • imbalance of power
  • constructs our reality
Term
upper middle/ mamgerial (lecture)
Definition

have the power

  • >> doctors, lawyers, owners, corp execs
  • work hard
  • connections
Term
middle (lecture)
Definition

largest population in the U.S (new working class)

  • more education than working class
Term
working (lecture)
Definition
  • lower education
  • labor intensive jobs
  • lower wages
  • more dangerous jobs
Term
sacred
Definition

anything reguarded as extrordinary. inspired respect mistery and reverness

(what your supposed to do)

Term
profane
Definition

anything that is not sacred

(what you are not supposed to do)

Term
rituals
Definition

rules that govern the presense of sacred in achieving an acceptable state of being regarding the sared

  • masons
  • millitary
  • soroities/ frats
  • nationalism
Term
Mead
Definition
  • "I"- part of the core that can challende the social influence
  • "Me" =social influence from the society
Term
Communist Manifesto
Definition
  • 1848- Karl Marx
  • view of social change- arises from class conflict
Term
Thomas Theorem
Definition
  • if people define situations as real, they appaer to become real in their consquences
  • people can turn there socially constructed inner-realties, which are presception, ideals, beliefs, attidues, feelings, into socially oberservable outer-realtiyes- behaviors, actions and activites
Term
Kusnets Curve
Definition
  • As pre-industrial socities develop, economic surpluse increase; this allows some groups to accumliate more wealth then other which perpedicuates social inequality:
    • surplus- increase in social inequality
    • upper class
    • upper-middle
    • middle
    • working
    • under
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