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Sociology Final Rosenburg
Final
55
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
12/10/2011

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Term
family
Definition
group of people related by marriage, blood, and adoption
Term
family of orientation
Definition
a family a person is born into
Term
family of procreation
Definition
established upon marriage
Term
nuclear family
Definition
nucleus or core upon which larger family groups are built
Term
extended family
Definition
a family in which relatives such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles live in the same house as parents and their children
Term
monogamy
Definition
one man to only one woman at a time
Term
polygyny
Definition
-man to 2 or more women
Term
polyandry
Definition
woman to 2 or more men
Term
exogamy
Definition
-refers to mate selection norms requiring individuals to marry someone outside their kind
Term
endogamy
Definition
-mate selection norms that require individuals to marry their own kind
Term
democracy
Definition
political system in which power is exercized by people as a whole
Term
monarchy
Definition
a single family rules from one generation to the next
Term
capitalism
Definition
-economic system in which the means of producing goods and services are privately owned
Term
socialism
Definition
economic system in which the means of producing goods and services are collectively owned
Term
monopoly
Definition
the domination of an entire market by a single producer
Term
oligopoly
Definition
domination of a market by a few companies
(no longer families, now corporations)
Term
multinational corporations
Definition
firms in highly industrialized societies with operating facilities throughout the world
Term
dual labor market
Definition
-two seperate labor markets
Term
total fertility rate
Definition
the average # of children born alive to any woman, assuming that she conforms to current fertility rate
Term
mortality rate
Definition
the # of deaths per 1000 population in a given year
Term
demographic transition theory
Definition
-thesis linking demographic change to a society's level of technological development
Term
hidden curriculum
Definition
standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society are taught subtly in school
Term
social structure
Definition
the way a society is organized into predictable relationships
Term
socialization
Definition
a continuing process that an individual gets a personal identity and learns the norms, values, behavior, and social skills appropriate to his or her social position.
Term
counter culture
Definition
a culture with values and mores that run counter to those of established society
Term
folkway
Definition
A practice, custom, or belief shared by the members of a group as part of their common culture.
Term
structural functional theory
Definition
addresses society as a whole
Term
interaction theory
Definition
places emphasis on micro-scale social interaction to provide subjective meaning in human behavior
Term
neolocal residence
Definition
post-marital residence when a newly married couple resides separately from both the husband's natal household and the wife's natal household
Term
patrilocal residence
Definition
term referring to the social system in which a married couple resides with or near the husband's parents
Term
matriclocal residence
Definition
societal system in which a married couple resides with or near the wife's parents
Term
serial monogamy
Definition
form of marriage in which an individual has only one spouse at any one time
Term
dual earner families
Definition
both husband and wife worked
Term
second shift
Definition
running from late afternoon to midnight
Term
tracking
Definition
The placing of students in any of several courses of study according to ability, achievement, or needs
Term
public school
Definition
supported by public funds and providing free education for children of a community or district
Term
parochial school
Definition
school that provides religious education in addition to conventional education
Term
boarding school
Definition
some or all pupils study and live during the school year with their fellow students and possibly teachers and/or administrators
Term
charter school
Definition
receive public money but are not subject to some of the rules, regulations, and statutes that apply to other public schools in exchange for some type of accountability for producing certain results
Term
magnet school
Definition
public schools with specialized courses
Term
school voucher
Definition
certificate issued by the government, which parents can apply toward tuition at a private school
Term
dictatorship
Definition
an autocratic form of government in which the government is ruled by an individual, the dictator
Term
totalitarianism
Definition
political system where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible
Term
oligarchy
Definition
a form of power structure in which power effectively rests with an elite class distinguished by royalty, wealth, family ties, commercial, and/or military legitimacy
Term
legal-rational authority
Definition
form of leadership in which the authority of an organization or a ruling regime is largely tied to legal rationality, legal legitimacy and bureaucracy
Term
lobbyist
Definition
someone who is employed to persuade legislators to vote for legislation that favors the lobbyist's employer
Term
political action committee
Definition
name commonly given to a private group, regardless of size, organized to elect political candidates or to advance the outcome of a political issue or legislation
Term
elitist power structure
Definition
small group of people who control a disproportionate amount of wealth, privilege, and access to decision-making of global consequence
Term
pluralist power structure
Definition
concept used to examine the way in which societies are structured, and specifically is a way to explain coverage differences in media markets
Term
industrial revolution
Definition
the totality of the changes in economic and social organization that began about 1760
Term
labor union
Definition
an organization of workers formed for the purpose of advancing its members' interests in respect to wages, benefits, and working conditions
Term
crude birth rate
Definition
measured by the rate of births respectively among a population of 1000
Term
life expectancy
Definition
expected number of years of life remaining at a given age
Term
mechanical solidarity
Definition
sense of togetherness in a society that arises when people, performing similar work, share similar experiences, customs, values, and beliefs
Term
organic solidarity
Definition
social unity based on a division of labor that results in people depending on each other
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