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Sociology 110 - UL - CH:4-6
Sociology 110 - UL - CH:2((Socialization),4, 5))
82
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
10/01/2014

Additional Sociology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Socialization
Definition
The process in which we conditioned the material and non-material elements of a particular culture.
Term
Socialization decides two things:
Definition
  1. Develop a sense of self.
  2. Internalize beliefs, values, and norms. 
Term
What does nature have to do with ?
Definition
Biology
Term
What does nurture have to do with?
Definition
Contact (Social interaction) equally important as nature.
Term
Isolated children shows signs of..
Definition
communication deficiencies
Term
Examples of an institutionalzied child?
Definition
  • Sent away to detention, prison.
  • Orphan
Term
Explain the Harlow & Harlow monkeys?
Definition

Partial isolation involved raising monkeys in bare wire cages that allowed them to see, smell, and hear other monkeys, but provided no opportunity for physical contact.


Harlow et al. reported that partial isolation resulted in various abnormalities such as blank staring, stereotyped repetitive circling in their cages, and self-mutilation.


When initially removed from total social isolation, however, they usually go into a state of emotional shock, characterized by ... autistic self-clutching and rocking. One of six monkeys isolated for 3 months refused to eat after release and died 5 days later. The autopsy report attributed death to emotional anorexia.

Term
According to Piaget Children go through 4 stages in the development of self:
Definition
  1. Sensorimotor: Birth - 2 Yrs
  2. Preoperational: 2-7 Yrs
  3. Concrete Operational: 7-12
  4. Formal Operational: 12-Adulthood. 
Term
Concerning Piaget Theory of Development, what is an example of sensorimotor?
Definition
Through touching they discover that their hands are actually a part of themselves.
Term
Concerning Piaget Theory of Development, what is an example of Preoperational?
Definition
The child using words and symbols to distinguish objects and ideas.
Term
Concerning Piaget Theory of Development, what is an example of concrete operational.
Definition
Children engage in more logical thinking. Even formless lump of clay is shaped into a snake, it is still the same clay.
Term
Concerning Piaget Theory of Development, what is an example of Formal operational?
Definition
Adolescents become capable of sophisticated abstract thought and deal with ideas and values in logical manner.
Term
What was Paiget's theory and major points of theory?
Definition
  1. Cognitive theory of development
  2. Four stages of cognitive development: moral development linked to socialization. 
Term
The looking glass self emphasizes..
Definition
that the self is the product of our social interactions with other people.
Term
According to cooley, what are three stages of stages of development?
Definition
  1. We imagine how we appear to others.
  2. We interpret their reactions
  3. We develop a self-concept. 

 

Term
According to Mead, within role taking.. What are the three stages in development of the self:
Definition
  1. Preparation (imitation)
  2. Play..
  3. Game (Generalized other)
Term
Example the generalized other concept..
Definition

"Not just what I'm suppose to do, but what we all are suppose to do."

 

The child begins to understand the courtesy is widespead social value endorsed by parents, teachers, and religious leaders. 

Term

What are the 6 basic global emotions (Ekman):

 

Definition
  1. Happiness
  2. Sadness
  3. Anger
  4. Fear
  5. Disgust
  6. Surprise
Term
The __________ differs from culture to culture?
Definition
Expression of emotions
Term
What is Arlie Hochschild's definition of emotions..
Definition
" Defined by the definition of the situation "
Term
Give an example of gender roles..
Definition

We traditionaly think of "toughness" as masculine (MEN)

"Tenderness" as feminine (Women)

Term
What is Diminate Idiology
Definition
dominant ideology - "main stream ideas", Ex. Issue of gay rights.  denotes the attitudes and beliefs, values and morals shared by the majority of the people in a given society
Term
What are 8 agents of socialization?
Definition
  1. The family
  2. School
  3. Peer Groups
  4. Media
  5. Religion
  6. Day Care
  7. Workplace
  8. Sports
Term

Socialization through the life course:

  • Childhood (birth to______)
  • Adolescence: ___to ____
  • Transitional adulthood: ____to ____
  • Middle Years: ____ to ____
  • The latter years: _____>
Definition
  • 12
  • 13-17
  • 18-29
  • 30-65
  • 65+
Term
Dictionary view on "Socialization"
Definition
refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminatingnormscustoms andideologies, providing an individual with the skills and habits necessary for participating within his or her own society. 
Term
Milgrams experiment
Definition

Examined the affect of authority figures (obedience) 

 

Shocking someone

Term
Asch study
Definition
Examined the effects of peer pressure (conformity)
Term
Deviance
Definition
Is behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectation of a group or society.
Term
Examples of deviance?
Definition

Being late for class

Wearing jeans to formal wedding

Term
Howard Becker stated "__" concerning deviance
Definition
"It is not the act itself, but the reaction to the act, that makes something deviant"
Term
What are the two types of crimes?
Definition
  1. White collar crime
  2. Street crime
Term
____ make behaviors predictable and bring about social order.
Definition
norms
Term
Informal norms are separated in two:
Definition

Folkway

Mores

Term
Folkways
Definition
are often referred to as "customs." They are standards of behavior that are socially approved but not morally significant. They are norms for everyday behavior that people follow for the sake of tradition or convenience. Breaking a folkway does not usually have serious consequences.
Term
Mores
Definition
Mores are strict norms that control moral and ethical behavior. Mores are norms based on definitions of right and wrong. Unlike folkways, mores are morally significant. People feel strongly about them and violating them typically results in disapproval.
Term
Formal Norms
Definition
Formal norms are the formal rules governing behaviour in a society, and can include mandatory and voluntary policies. These include federal, state, county, and municipal/town/village laws, by-laws, and codes. Formal norms act, therefore, at and between a range of scales. There is temporal and spatial variance in the creation and implementation of formal norms - both social and political processes.
Term

Concerning deviance..

 

Psychologist

 

  1. focus on...
  2. _________ disorders
Definition
  1. conditions within individuals
  2. personality
Term

Concerning deviance..

 

Sociology 

 

  1. Sociologists look for answers ________
  2. ______class
Definition
  1. outside individuals
  2. social class
Term
Conflict perspective
Definition
conflict perspective assumes that social life is shaped by groups and individuals who struggle or compete with one another over various resources and rewards, resulting in particular distributions of power, wealth, and prestige in societies and social systems.
Term
Symbolic Interactionist perspective
Definition
views society as a product of everyday social interactions of individuals. Symbolic interactionists also study how people use symbols to create meaning. In studying deviance, these theorists look at how people in everyday situations define deviance, which differs between cultures and settings.
Term

Sutherland

 

Differential association - 

Definition
To describe the process through which exposure to attitudes favorable to ciminal acts leads to rule violation
Term

Sutherland

 

We learn to deviate by those we associate with:

Definition
  • Family
  • Friends
  • Neighbors
  • Work Calleagues
Term

Sutherland

 

_____% of people in prison have a father, mother, brother, or sister that have also committed a crime. 

Definition
50%
Term
Symbolic interactionist perspective: Labeling theory
Definition

Becker -Labeling theory takes the view that people become criminals when labeled as such and when they accept the label as a personal identity. 

Labeling theory holds that deviance is not inherent to an act, but instead the result of the externally-imposed label of "deviant".

Term
According to Emile Durkheim, deviance is functional becasue:
Definition
  1. Affirms moral boundaries
  2. Promotes social unity
  3. Promotes social change.
Term
Example Rombert Mertons: Strain Theory
Definition
Everyone is socialized to want certain cultural goals but we don't have the means to attain those goals.
Term
Under Robert Mertons: Stain theory, People develop strain and a sense of _____
Definition
anomie (lack of usual sociol or ethical standards)
Term
Under Robet Mertons: Strain theory, why is there so much crime in Amiercan society?
Definition
All cultures have goals that they are trying to achieve. (USA - success, monetary, money)
Term
What are Meton's Modes of individual Adaptation?
Definition
  1. Conformity (non-deviant)
  2. Innovation (deviant)
  3. Ritualism(deviant)
  4. Retreatism (deviant)
  5. Rebellion (deviant)
Term

A pro theif who specializes in safecracking may steal money to buy consumer goods and expensive vacations.

 

Which of Mertons behaviors?

Definition
Innovator
Term

A bureaucratic official who blindly applies rules and regulations without remembering the larger goals of an organization.

 

Which of Mertons deveopment?

Definition
Ritualist
Term
Drug addicts and vagrants are typically ________ according to mertons developments.
Definition
Retreatist
Term
Members of a revolutionary political organization, sich as militia group, can be categorized as _______ according to ________
Definition

Rebels

Mertons Mode

Term
________ wants to achieve cultural goals but uses illegitimate methods.
Definition
innovator
Term
________has given up on attaining cultural goals but still clings to conventional means of conduct.
Definition
Ritualism
Term
_______rejects cultural goals and means to attain those goals.
Definition
Retreatism
Term
________ rejects cultural goals and tries to replace them with their own goals.
Definition
Rebellionsm
Term
According to conflict perspective, the law is used as a means to
Definition
oppress the masses
Term

Those who have the wealth and power often bypass the law and others may pay the full penalties...

 

Examples of what ?

Definition
Conflict perspective
Term
The recidicism rate is high ______ of those who commit violent crimes are rearrested.
Definition
2/3
Term
Stratification
Definition
The structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power.
Term
Stratification defined by the slides..
Definition
A system in which groups of people are divided into layers accordin gto their relative property, power, and prestige.
Term
Three main types of social stratification:
Definition
  1. Slavery
  2. Caste
  3. Class
Term
Slavery
Definition

Enslaved individuals are owned by other people.

 

"Causes and conditions vary around the world"

Term
Caste
Definition

Hereditary systems of rank, usually religiously dictated, that tend to be fixed and immobile.

 

India (Hinduism)

Term
_______was india's main system of formal stratification until 1948, boundaries are rigid.
Definition
caste
Term
Class
Definition

The U.S system of stratification,  boundaries are fluid


DEF - is a social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility. 

Term
Assigning criteria - based on _____ and ______status
Definition
  • Ascribed (something you can't change)
  • Achieved
Term
Characteristics of stratification:
Definition
  • Closed and open systmes
  • Social mobility
  • Industrialization 
  • Perpetuates inequality
Term
Social mobility
Definition
How you move up and down a social class ladder
Term
Industrialization
Definition
Social class emerges when industrialiation happens.
Term
According to Weber, what is social class..
Definition
A large group of people who rank closely to one another in wealth, power, and prestige
Term
Components of social class:
Definition
  • Wealth (consists of property and income)
  • Power: Ability to get your way despite resitance. 
  • Prestige: (Respect given to one's accupation)
Term
Jobs that have greater levels of prestige:
Definition
  • Generally pay more
  • Entail more abstract thought
  • Require more eduction
  • Have greater autonomy
Term
Explain the Gilbert model:
Definition

as a means of a more effective way of classifying people in a given society into social classes.

  • Capitalist Class
  • Upper Middle
  • Lower Middle
  • Working class
  • Working poor
  • Underclass
Term

Davis and more "Functionalist perspective":

 

Definition
  • All positions must be filled
  • Some positions are more important than others
  • The more important positions must be filled by the more qualified people
  • Greater rewards need to be offered in order to entice qualified people. 
Term
Timin's Critique of Davis and Moore
Definition
  • How do we know the positions most rewarded are most important
  • Society should be meritocracy
  • If stratification is functional, it should benefit everyone.
Term
Read slide #46
Definition
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