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Sociology 1021- Theories
Final Exam Review
15
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
04/19/2012

Additional Sociology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Strain Theory
Definition
Crime & Deviance ... Robert Merton... stating that deviant behavior emerges when cultural goals don't align with cultural means (role strain). Also identified two other strains that contribute to deviant behavior.
Term
Cultural Support Theory
Definition
the idea that some cultures allow for socialization into deviant behavior... this may be because they have higher tolerance for criminals 
Term
Social Control Theory
Definition
Crime & Deviance... theory based on Durkheim's suicide studies. Looks at societal mechanisms that contribute to deviant behavior in individuals. asks, why do people conform?
Term
Demographic Shift Theory
Definition
this theory breaks down population growth into three stages (high high high low low low ... Africa, China, North America)
Term
Malthusian Theory
Definition
population increases geometrically (exponentially) while resources only increase arithmetically . this is bc people are sexual and fertile . two solutions: Positive Checks (war, natural disaster) or Preventative Checks (moral restraint)
Term
Marxist Theory
Definition
Demography; Argues that the world can sustain a huge population if the capitalist society would stop consuming so much.
Term
Breakdown Approach
Definition

soc movements; two parts.

Relative Deprivation Theory: economic growth is usually followed by economic downfall, which causes fear and frustration so social movements emerge.

 

Systemic Theory: the likeliness of something bad happening causes strain and stress, which increases collective belief, organization of a social movement begins and it gradually gains a following, then action occurs.

Term
Culture Approach
Definition
social movements; Goffman. Framing is the key aspect to this theory... analyzes how the problem is presented and how it aligns with the public's ideology
Term
Resource Mobilization Approach
Definition

social movements; focuses on power in two different perspectives

 

Utilitarian Perspective: people engage in social movements to gain

 

Political Conflict Perspective: certain classes are more likely to engage 

Term
Freidrich Engels
Definition
urbanization; Engels was marx's friend. Believed industrialization was bad and that city living and working was detrimental to a person's quality of life. One reason for this is high mortality rates because there are more diseases readily spread in cities.
Term
Durkheim
Definition
urbanization; argued that ultimately, urbanization was a good thing and would be functional. but people needed a short adjustment period.
Term
Georg Simmel
Definition
urbanization; argued that in cities, people have few personal relationships and so they need to develop a blase attitude (as a coping mechanism) 
Term
Louis Wirth
Definition
Chicago School; argued that city life was chaotic based on three things 1) density, 2) heterogeneity (more diverse in things like race, work etc) and 3) large size
Term
Robert Park
Definition

Chicago School; believed cities grow and develop on two levels.

1) Biotic Level: cities are organized to satisfy basic needs like food, water and work

 

2) Cultural Level: cities are organized around shared values & interests such as church

Term
Burgess
Definition
Chicago School; believed that cities were organized as a series of concentric circles, at the center of which is the business district.
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