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Social Psychology PGS350 Mae Exam 1
Exam 1 Flashcards for PGS350
62
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
09/24/2012

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Term
spotlight effect
Definition
the belief that others are paying more attention to our appearance and behavior than they really are
Term
illusion of transparency
Definition
the illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others
Term
self-concept
Definition
what we know and believe about ourselves
Term
self-schema
Definition
beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing of self-relevant information
Term
possibly selves
Definition
images of what we dream of or dread becoming in the future
Term
social comparison
Definition
evaluating one's abilities and opinions by comparing oneself with others
Term
individualism
Definition
the concept of giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
Term
independent self
Definition
construing one's identity as an autonomous self
Term
collectivism
Definition
giving priority to the goals of one's group and defining one's identity accordingly
Term
interdependent self
Definition
construing one's identity in relation to others
Term
planning fallacy
Definition
the tendency to underestimate how long it will take to complete a task
Term
impact bias
Definition
overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events- especially prone to this after negative events
Term
dual attitude system
Definition
differing implicit (automatic) and explicit (consciously controlled) attitudes toward the same object. Verbalized explicit attitudes may change with education and persuasion; implicit attitudes change slowly with practice that forms new habit
Term
immune neglect
Definition
the human tendency to underestimate the speed and strength of the "psychological immune system" which enables emotional recovery and resilience after bad things happen
Term
self-esteem
Definition
a person's overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth
Term
terror management theory
Definition
proposes that people exhibit self protective emotional and cognitive responses
Term
self-promotion strategies
Definition
1. Staging Performance- seeking opportunity to show off
2. Competence Displays-displaying behaviors that display competence
3. Appearance Enhancement-belief that you're more attractive than you really are
4. self-handicapping-giving yourself an excuse
Term
Status displaying strategies
Definition
1) displaying status artifacts: (marking your territory) ex. Corner office
2) consumption displays: ex. publicly displaying spending large amounts of money; expensive cars, jewels, houses, etc.
3)managing associations: associating yourself with people of power and dissociating yourself from people with lower status
4)nonverbal dominance displays: postures, interrupt,
Term
ingratiation Strategies
Definition
Flattery
Projecting Modesty (downplay successes; nbd)
Name Utilization
Self Monitoring
Term
ingratiates dilemmas
Definition
multiple audiences
avoiding transparency
Term
Patty Linville
Definition
Multiple Selves;Professor Linville's research area is social cognition, focusing on a wide variety of topics such as stereotyping and intergroup relations, attention and inhibitory processes, social judgment and decision making, self-concept, stress and coping, negotiation, teams, and the social Psychology of organizations.
Term
self perception
Definition
Looking glass self
spotlight effect
self awareness
self recognition
cocktail effect
Term
ego enhancing bias
Definition
Fallacy of Normalcy- Kinsley Masturbate

Lake Wobegon Effect:
The tendency we have to think that we are better than we really are; better looking, more intelligent, etc.
actor-observer effect
Implicit Egoism
Downward Social Comparison
Term
implicit egoism
Definition
more michelle's live in michigan and georges in georgia
Term
downward comparison
Definition
I’m better than you; comparing yourself with those who haven’t done as well as a you. Feel better comparing yourself with the general body of students instead of barrett honors students
Term
actor observer
Definition
: tendency that we have to discount the situation with judging others negative behaviors but not our own but taking notice our positive behaviors but not others; discount situation if someone else is performing the negative behavior too
Term
Self regulation
Delaying gratification (study)
Limited resource (studies)
Unwanted thoughts (study
Definition
delaying gratification -marshmellow test

Limited resource:
Study: Dieter’s Study, watched a video documentary and had skittles and doritos right in front of them and across the room

White bear study with Dan Wagner: don't think about them
Term
Autobiographical Memory
Definition
Your past reminiscence of yourself: tend to be more positive then they were
Term
Affective Forecasting
Definition
Permanent injury study: people overestimate the strength and duration of emotional reactions of dramatic events
“I would just die..”

Prof’s tenure study
Professors all overreacted to getting or not getting tenure
) we tend to underestimate the resilience of people can also happen with positive things
Term
defensive pessimism
Definition
the adaptive value of anticipating problems and harnessing one's anxiety to motivate effective action
Term
Accuracy of Person's Perception
Definition
Study 1: Based on voice alone
Study 2: Based on Photos alone
We form quick accusations of people in the first few seconds of meeting them
Term
"Thin Slicing"
Definition
Malcolm Gladwell; narrow windows
Term
Susan Boyle ism's
Definition
Classism
Weightism
Ageism
Lookism
Term
Person Impression
Definition
Relatively superficial effects: Pet Study: Poodle (high maintenance), pitbulls: aggressive. Taller people are more powerful; overweight is lazy
More meaningful effects: clothing and possessions you own; Sam Gosling
Term
Nonverbal Effects
Definition
Facial Expressions: Paul Ekman Six primary emotions
Gestures
Eye Contact
Touch
Term
Proxemics
Definition
rules we use in placing ourselves; urinal example
Term
Paul Ekman
Definition
Facial Expressions and Detecting Deception
Term
6 facial expressions
Definition
sadness, surprise, happiness, fear, disgust, anger
Term
Spontaneous trait inference
Definition
spontaneously infer people's personality traits by actions: kick a puppy: cruel

Jim Uleman
Term
Spontaneous trait transference
Definition
Don Carlson: GOSSIP: we seem to take on traits we infer on others, true with negative as well as positive
Term
Special Weight
Definition
Soloman Asch trait study with warm and cold made one word warm and one word cold
Term
Big 5
Definition
Openness, Agreeableness, Consciousness, Neuroticism, Extraversion
Term
First Impressions
Definition
Listing a negative term first and then the rest good and having the same list of traits but the first one is negative in one and positive in the other
Term
4 reasons for strength in first impressions
Definition
primacy effects
confirmation bias and study
confirmatory hypothesis testing and study
self-fulling prophecy
Term
Confirmation bias and study
Definition
Once we form a first impression, we actively seek and create information that supports that idea.; sticking-to-the-theory
Term
self-fulfilling prophecy
Definition
when we have expectancies about someone it causes us to treat people a certain way until they do the expected behavior
Term
Negative Information
Definition
Evolutionary Adaptive Behavior-It is evolutionarily adaptive to pay attention to negative information because it is threatening.
Term
Expectancy effects:
Definition
Affects what we pay attention to, and how we interpret behavior and speech, effects memory of them.
Term
Priming effects
Definition
What effects us is what is on our mind at the time.
Term
Donald Study
Definition
Priming Effects: : participants were brought into a lab, brought something to mind for half, something else for the other group. Had group complete a word completion task. Had to fill in the missing letter, so simple, everyone got everything right. The only thing they changed was reckless and spontaneous. Donald “loved to go sky diving”. Group rated him as spontaneous or reckless, and it correlated with the group.
Term
False consensus effect
Definition
We have a tendency to overestimate others relations to us.
Term
Context effects
Definition
Beautiful/Ugly Room Study
Participants show up at room number, only one at a time. The door is locked. Grad student comes running up, do you mind if we go to this room that is available? Everyone is willing to go. Half the participants were taken to this beautiful lobby. Research set up a stack of photograph, than they had to rate the attractiveness level of each person. Other group went to janitor’s break room, got same stack of photos. The first group rated the people as more attractive.
Term
Blame the victim bias:
Definition
Belief in a just world: things happen to you because you deserve it.
Term
Fake and Duchenne Smiles
Definition
Authentic smiles change in the eyes
Term
Kulechov effect
Definition
Had a picture of an expressionless face and changed the background; people viewed the picture having different expressions each time
Term
IAT
Definition
implicit association test: a computer driven assessment of implicit attitudes; the test uses reaction times to measure people's automatic associations between attitude objects and evaluative words
Term
cognitive dissonance
Definition
tension that arises when one is simultaneously aware of two inconsistent cognitions; ex: dissonance may occur when we realize that we have with little justification acted contrary to our attitudes or made a decision favoring one alternative despite reasons favoring another
Term
Totalitarian egos
Definition
Memory bias; selective memory
Term
hostile media effect
Definition
efers to the finding that people with strong biases toward an issue (partisans) perceive media coverage as biased against their opinions, regardless of the reality.
Term
Boosting Accuracy of Person Impressions
Definition
Personal relevance makes us more aware and attempt to form better opinions of a person.
Term
implicit thinking
Definition
automatic processing; thinking that is effortless, habitual and without awareness, "intuition"
Term
explicit thinking
Definition
controlled processing, thinking that is deliberate, reflective, and conscious
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