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Social Psych Exam 1
Ch. 1, 2, 3, 4
78
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
01/30/2014

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Term
Social psychology
Definition
the scientific study id how people affect and are affected by others
Term
behaviorism
Definition
theoretical approach that seeks to explain behavior in terms of learning principles whithout reference to inner states, thoughts, or feelings.
Term
freudian psychoanalysis
Definition
theoretical approach that seeks to explain behavior by looking at the deep unconcious forces inside the person
Term
ABC triad
Definition
Affect ( how people feel inside), Behavior (what people do), Cognition (what people think about).
Term
Anthropology
Definition
The study of human culture-the shared values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people
Term
economics
Definition
the study of production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, and the study of money
Term
history
Definition
the study of past events
Term
political science
Definition
th study of political organizations and institutions, especially governments
Term
sociology
Definition
the study of human societies and the groups that form those societies.
Term
Psychology
Definition
the study of human behavior
Term
biological psychology
Definition
the study of what happens in the brain, nervous system and other aspects of the body
Term
clinical psychology
Definition
branch of psychology that focuses on behavior disorders and other forms of mental illness, and how to treat them.
Term
cognitive psychology
Definition
the study of thought processes, such as how memory works and what people notice
Term
developmental psychology
Definition
the study of how people change across their lives, from conception and birth to old age and death
Term
personality psychology
Definition
the branch of psychology that focuses on important differences between individuals
Term
philosophy
Definition
"love of wisdom" the pursuit of knowledge about fundamental matters such as life, death, reality, and truth.
Term
applied research
Definition
research that focuses on solving particular problems
Term
basic research
Definition
research that focuses on a general understanding of basic principles that can be applied to many different problems
Term
theories
Definition
unobservable constructs that are linked together in some logical way
Term
hypothesis
Definition
an idea about the possible nature of reality, a prediction tested in an experiment
Term
within-subjects design
Definition
participants are exposed to all levels of the independent variable
Term
between-subjects design
Definition
participants are exposed to only one level of the independent variable
Term
operational definitions
Definition
observable operations, procedures, and measurements that are based on the independent and dependent variables
Term
confederate
Definition
a research assistant pretending to be another participant in a study
Term
construct validity of the cause
Definition
extent to which the independent variable is a valid representation of the theoretical stimulus
Term
construct validity of the effect
Definition
extent to which the dependent variable is valid representation of the theoretical response
Term
experiment
Definition
a study in which the reseracher manipulates an independent variable and randomly assigns people to groups (levels of the independent variable)
Term
random assignment
Definition
procedure whereby each study participant has an equal chance of being in each treatment group
Term
quasi-experiment
Definition
a type of study in which the researcher can manipulate an independent but cannot use random assignment
Term
psyche
Definition
a broader term for mind, encompassing emotions, desires perceptions and all other psychological processes.
Term
socail animals
Definition
animals that seek connections to others and prefer to live work play with other members of their species
Term
cultural animal
Definition
the view that evolution shaped the human psych so as to enable humans to create and take part in culture
Term
culture
Definition
an information based system that includes shared ideas and common ways of doung things
Term
duplex mind
Definition
the idea that the mind has two different processing systems (deliberate and automatic)
Term
automatic system
Definition
the part of the mind outside of consciousness that performs simple operations
Term
deliberate system
Definition
the part of the mind that performs complex operations
Term
tradeoff
Definition
a choice in which taking or maximizing one benefit requires either accepting a cost or sacrificing another benefit
Term
self knowledge (slef concept)
Definition
a set of beliefs about oneself
Term
interpersonal slef (publuc self)
Definition
the image of the self that is conveyed to others
Term
agent self (executive function)
Definition
the oart of the self involved in control, including both control over other people and self-control
Term
independent self construal
Definition
a self concept that emphasizes what makes the self different and sets it apart from others
Term
interdependent self-construal
Definition
a self concept that emphasizes what connects the self to other people and groups
Term
social roles
Definition
the different roles a person plays, as in a play or a movie
Term
self-awareness
Definition
attention directed toward one-self
Term
private self awareness
Definition
looking inward on the private aspects of the self, including emotions, thoughts, desires, and traits
Term
public self-awareness
Definition
looking outward on the public aspects of the self that others can see and evaluate
Term
standards
Definition
ideas (concepts) of how things might possibly be
Term
self-regulation
Definition
the process people use to control and change their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Term
looking-glass self
Definition
the idea that people learn about themselves by imagining how they appear to others
Term
generalized other
Definition
a combination of other peoples views that tells you who and what you are
Term
introspection
Definition
the process by which a person examines the contents of his or her mind and mental states.
Term
upward social comparison
Definition
comparing yourself to people better than you
Term
downward social comparison
Definition
comparing yourself to people worseoff than you
Term
self-perception theory
Definition
the theory that people observe their own behavior to infer what they were thinking and how they are feeling
Term
overjustification effect
Definition
the tendency for motivation to diminish for activities have become associated with rewards
Term
phenominal self(working self concept)
Definition
the image of self that is currently active in the persons thoughts
Term
appraisal motive
Definition
the simple desire to learn the truth about oneself whatever it is
Term
self-enhancement motive
Definition
the desire to learn favorable or flattering things about the self
Term
consistency motive
Definition
a desire to get feedback that confirms what the person already believes about himself or herself
Term
self-reference effect
Definition
the finding that information bearing on the self is processed more thoroughly and more deeply, and hence remembered better than other information
Term
endowment effect
Definition
the finding that items gain value to the person who owns them.
Term
risk aversion
Definition
in decision making the greater weight given to possible losses than possible gains
Term
temporal discounting
Definition
in decision making the greater weight given to the present over the future
Term
certainty effect
Definition
in decision making the greater weight given to definite outcomes than to probabilities
Term
error management theory
Definition
the idea that both men and women seek to minimize the most costly type of error but that mens and womens goals and hence worst errors differ.
Term
status quo bias
Definition
the preference to keep things the way they are rather than change
Term
omission bias
Definition
the tendency that people are distressed by loss of freedom or options and seek to reclaim or ressert them
Term
entity theorists
Definition
those who believe that traits are fixed stable things (entities) and thus people should not be expected to change
Term
incremental theorists
Definition
those who believe that traits are subject to change and improvement
Term
self-determination theory
Definition
the theory that people need to feel at least some degree of autonomy and internal motivation
Term
panic button effect
Definition
a reduction in stress or suffering due to belief that one has the option of escaping or controlling the situation even if on e doesnt exercise it
Term
zeigarnik effect
Definition
a tendency to experience automatic intrusive thoughts about a goal whose pursuit has been interrupted
Term
goal shielding
Definition
occurs when the activation of focul goal the person is working on inhibits the accessibility of alternative goals
Term
planning fallacy
Definition
the tendency for plans to be overly optimistic because the planner fails to allow for unexpected problems
Term
self-regulation
Definition
the selfs capacity to alter its own responses;self control
Term
monitoring
Definition
keeping track of behaviors or responses to be regulated
Term
TOTE
Definition
the self regulation feedback loop of Test, Operate, Test, Exit
Term
capacity for change
Definition
the active phase of self regulation;willpower
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