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Skin and Immune Mediated Disease
Week 4
40
Veterinary Medicine
Graduate
07/09/2015

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Cards

Term
Skin Defences
Definition
Hair
Melanocytes
Epidermal barrier
Innate immunity
Adaptive Immunity
Term
Optimal Barrier Function
Definition
lipid bilayer
cornified envelop structure
fillagrin
corneodesmosomes (provide struct. integrity)
control of desquamation
Term
Portals of Entry
Definition
epidermis (absorption, direct contact, colonisation, penetration)
adnexa (entry via follicle)
dermis and panniculus (blood vessels, nervers)
underlying tissues
Term
Primary Skin Lesions
Definition
develop spontaneously as a result of underlying disease
Term
Secondary Skin Lesions
Definition
evolve from primary or induced by self trauma
Term
Macule
Definition
Primary skin lesion
a circumscribed, non-papable spot characterised by a change in color from the skin
Term
Patch
Definition
Primary
macule >1cm
Term
Papule
Definition
Primary
small, solid elevation of skin <1cm
Term
Vesicle
Definition
Primary
sharply circumscribed epidermal elevation filled with clear fluid
Term
Bulla
Definition
Primary
vesicle >1cm
Term
Pustule
Definition
Primary
Intra-epidermal, sub-epidermal, or follicular
typically contains neutrophils, bacterica, eosinophils, or is sterile
Term
Wheal/Hive
Definition
Primary
a circumscribed, raised lesion die to oedema, often transient
Term
Cyst
Definition
Primary
an epithelium-lined cavity containing fluid of solid material. smoother, well circumscribed, usually fluctuant
Term
Nodule
Definition
Primary
A circumscribed solid elevation >1 cm (like papule)
usually due to massive cell infiltrate that may be INFLAMMATORY OR NEOPLASTIC
Term
Plaque
Definition
Primary
a large (>1 cm) flat-topped elevation formed by extension of coalescences of papules
Term
Tumours
Definition
Primary
a mass of >= 2cm, may be neoplastic of not
Term
Abscess
Definition
Primary
a localized collection of pus in an area of tissue destruction, surrounded by inflammation
usually more deep than pustule
Term
Colarette
Definition
Secondary
circular rim of scale hat evolves from a pustule, vesicle, or bulla
Term
Excoriation
Definition
Secondary
erosion or ulcers caused by self trauma to epidermis
Term
Erosion
Definition
Secondary
loss of epidermise, depressed, moist, glistening
Term
Fissure
Definition
Secondary
linear crack or break through DERMIS
Term
lichenification
Definition
Secondary
thickening of skin with large number of creases
Term
Crust
Definition
Secondary
dead keratinocytes plus neutrophils +/- bacteria
Term
Agents of Skin Disease
Definition
Physical/Chemical: UV, irritants, heat
Immunological rXn
Infectious Agents: bact, fungi, virus, parasite
Nutritional/Metabolic
Term
Mechanisms of Skin Disease
Definition
Genetic Predisposition
Physical Damage
Toxin products
Hypoxia
Immune stimulation
Degeneration

In most diseases, several are overlapping
Term
Sentinel Cell Types
Definition
Keratinocytes
Dendritic Cells
Mast Cells
Lymphocytes
Term
Keratinocytes
Definition
squamous cells found in epidermis
produce chemokines and cytokines
can express MHC II (major histocompatibility complex), PRRs, are APCs
Term
Dendritic Cells
Definition
Antigen presenting Cells (APCs)
LANGERHANS CELLS in epidermis
Term
Mast Cells
Definition
release histamine and recruit other inflammatory cells
Term
Chemokines
Definition
critical to Tcell and Macrophage recruitment
Term
Cytokines
Definition
these activate/arm effector cells and then direct them to immune response
Term
Innate Immune Response
Definition
injury/pathogen invasion
release primary citokines
activiation of resident innate immune sys
langerhans and dendritic cells carry antigens to LN
Tcells activated
more innate cells recruited
Term
Adaptive Immune Response
Definition
Injury/pathogen recognised
cytokines and chemokines released by Langerhans
non-specific recruitment of effector Tcells
Term
Orthokeratosis
Definition
Othokeratotic hyperkeratosis
increased thickness of anuclear surface keratin (stratum corneum)
Term
Hypergranulosis
Definition
prominent granular layer (stratum granulosum)
(often assoc with orthokeratosis)
Term
Parakeratotic hyperkeratosis
Definition
increased thickness of nucleated cells in stratum corneum
Term
Acanthosis
Definition
increased thickness of stratum spinosum
Term
Hyperplasia
Definition
increased number of epidermal cells (often irregular)
Term
Altered pigmentation
Definition
pigmentary incontinence, pigment laden macrophage in DERMIS
Term
Lichenification
Definition
hyperkeratosis, hyperplasia, and dysplasia
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