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Skeletal System Intro
Human Anatomy - Dr. Gardner
39
Anatomy
Not Applicable
10/11/2011

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Term
What specialty within medicine most directly deals with the skeletal system?
Definition
Orthopedics
Term
What are the three main functions of cartilag?
Definition
Support soft tissue
Protection
Movement
Term
List the three types of cartilage and their locations within the body.
Definition
Hyaline Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Term
List and define the two types of growth that cartilage undergoes.
Definition
Interstitial
Appositional
Term
What level of organization (cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism) are individual bones?
Definition
Organs
Term
Why are individual bones considered organs?
Definition
They are specific structures with special functions made of all 4 tissue types
Term
List the four functions of bone.
Definition
Support and Protection
Movement
Hemopoiesis
Storage of Mineral and Energy Reserves
Term
List and define the four types of bone mased on shape
Definition
Long Bones-Femur
Short Bones-Carpals
Flat Bones-Skull
Irregular Bones-Vertabrae
Term
Based on shape, what are bones that are longer than they are wide?
Definition
Long bones
Term
Based on shape, what are bones that are about as wide as they are long and are important in transferring forces?
Definition
Short Bones
Term
Based on shape, what are bones that are broad for protection and muscle attachment?
Definition
Flat Bones
Term
Based on shape, what are bones that are vaiable in their shape?
Definition
Irregular Bones
Term
What is another term for the shaft of a long bone?
Definition
Diaphysis
Term
What is the part of a bone that ossifies separatiel at the proximal or distal end of a long bone and later unites with the shaft of the bone?
Definition
Epiphysis
Term
What is the transitional zone at which the diaphysis and epiphysis of a bone come together?
Definition
Metaphysis
Term
What is the smooth, avascular tissue on the surface of a bone taking part in a joint?
Definition
Articular Cartilage
Term
What is the space within the diaphysis of a bone?
Definition
Medullary Cavity
Term
What is the dense irregular connective tissue lining of the space within the shaft of a bone?
Definition
Endosteum
Term
What is the dense irregular connective tissue that covers the outer surface of a bone except the articular surface?
Definition
Periosteum
Term
Wht type of bone cells are stem cells derived from mesenchyme and found within the periosteum and the endosteum?
Definition
Osteoprogenitor
Term
What type of bone cells are formed from stem cells and produce new bone?
Definition
Osteoblasts
Term
What are mature bone cells?
Definition
Osteocytes
Term
What type of bone cells dissolve bone matrix?
Definition
Osteoclasts
Term
What is bone matrix?
Definition
The material formed by bone cells and lying in between them
Term
What are the components of the bone matrix?
Definition
Collagen Fibers
Ground Substance
Calcium Phosphate
Calcium Hydroxide
Calcium Carbonate
Term
What type of bone lies on the outside of an individual bone?
Definition
Cortical (Compact) Bone
Term
What type of bone forms the latticework within an individual bone?
Definition
Cancellous (Spongy) Bone
Term
What is the basic structural and functional unit of cortical bone?
Definition
Osteon
Term
What are the two synonyms for bone growth?
Definition
Intramembranous Ossification
Endochondral Ossification
Term
Outline intramembranous ossification.
Definition
Ossification centers form
Bone matrix undergoes calcification
Woven bone and surrounding periosteum form
Lammellar bone replaces woven bone
Compact and spongy bone forms
Term
What type of bone growth occurs in the bones of extremities, vertebrae, and the ends of the clavicles?
Definition
Endochondral Ossification
Term
Outline endochondral ossification.
Definition
Fetal Hyaline cartilage develops
Cartilage calcifies
Primary ossification center forms in diaphysis
Secondary ossification center forms in epiphysis
Bone replaces cartilage
Epiphyseal plates ossify
Term
What is the anatomical term for "growth plate"?
Definition
Epiphyseal Plate
Term
Where does a bone increase in length?
Definition
Epiphyseal Plate
Term
What type of bone growth increases the length of a bone?
Definition
Interstitial Growth
Term
What type of bone growth increases the diameter of a bone?
Definition
Appositional Growth
Term
Where does a bone increase in diameter?
Definition
Periosteum
Term
What is the continual deposition of new bone tissue and removal of old bone tissue?
Definition
Remodeling
Term
Bones are vascular. Through wat openings do blood vessels enter bones?
Definition
Nutrient Foramina
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