Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Signal Transduction/kinetics
Part 1-High Yield Facts-Signal Transduction/kinetics
64
Pharmacology
Professional
04/03/2011

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

Dx @ the nicotinic type I receptors

Definition

 

agonists: ACh & nicotine

 

antagonist: trimethaphan, hexamethonium

Term

 

Rx @ the nicotinic type II receptors

skeletal muscle motor endplate

Definition

 

Agonist: ACh, nicotine, succinylcholine

 

Antagonists: d-tubocurarine, pancuronium

Term

 

Rx @ the Na+ channels of cardiac fast fibers (atria & ventricles)

Definition

Class IA: procainamide, quinidine

 

Class IB: lidocaine--only affects ventricles

 

Class III: amiodarone, dronedarone

Term

 

Rx that act @ the Na+ channels of the CNS

Definition

 

antiepileptic: phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate, & lamotrigine

Term

 

Rx @ the Na+ channels in sensory nerve fibers

Definition

 

cocaine, procaine, lidocaine

Term

 

 

What states of the Na+ channel (activated, resting, inactivated) do local anesthetics bind most avidly to

Definition

 

Activated and Inactivated states

Term

 

Ca+ channel blockers at L-type channels in heart and vascular smooth muscle (VSM)

Definition

 

nifedipine, diltiazem & verapamil 

Term

 

 

Al, Fe, diltiazem & verapami blooc Ca+ channels where? 

Definition

 

Smooth Muscle of GI tract

Term

 

 

What blocks Ca channels in smooth muscle of uterus? 

Definition

 

Mg++

Term

 

Blocks T-type Ca++ channels in CNS

Definition

 

ethosuximide

Term

 

DOC for tx of neuroleptic malignant S/O and anesthesia induced hyperthermia

Definition

 

Dantrolen (a.k.a Dantrolene Sodium)

 

*causes generalized muscle weakness bc relaxes ALL skeletal muscle (vs Banclofen)

Term

 

Muscarinic receptors @ SA node (couple to K-channel via G-protein)

Definition

 

agonist: ACh, pilocarpine, AChase inhibitors

 

antagonist: atropine, pancuronium, quinidine, TCA's, older antihistamines

Term

 

 

MOA of atropine? 

Definition

 

 

antagonist of muscarinic receptors @ the SA node

Term

 

Arterial Vasodilators

 

activated ATP-modulated K-channels=hyperpolarization=relaxation=vasodilation

Definition

 

Hydralazine, Minoxidil, Diazoxide

Term

 

 

Class IA antiarrhythmic drugs

Definition

 

 

procainamide & quinidine 

 

*quinidine: widens QRS and incres. Q-T interval

Term

 

 

Class IB

Definition

 

Lidocaine

 

*accelerates repolarization

Term

 

 

Delayed ventricular repolarization via block of K+ channels, increased APD, ERP, & Q-T interval

S/E Torsades de Pointes

Definition

 

Amiodarone and Sotalol

Term

 

"Resets the heart"

Opens K+ channels in the AV node to hyperpolarize and Stop ALL AV conduction

Definition

 

 

Adenosine

Term

 

Insulin Secretion 

 

via closure of K+ channels-->depol-->Ca+ channels and whola!!! insulin secretion 

Definition

 

 

Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide, Glypizide, Repaglinide

Term

 

 

Inhibit Insulin Secretion

 

(tx for insulinoma, chronic hypoglycemia)

 opens K+ channels (repol)

Definition

 

Diazoxide

Term

 

Acts on GABA-b receptors coupled to K+ channels in the CNS --> hyperpolarizes presynaptic terminals --> reduces NT glutamate onto alpha-motor neurons. 

 

muscle relaxant 

Definition

 

 

Baclofen 

Term

 

Hyperpolize neurons via Mu receptors 

Definition

 

Opiates (morphine) 

Term

 

 

Dopamine, Bromocriptine, & Pergolide act on which receptors? 

Definition

 

D2 receptors in the anterior pituitary 

Term

 

 

MOA of clonidine 

Definition

 

alpha-2 receptors in the medulla to inhibit peripheral sympathetic outflow 

Term

 

 

Increase FREQUENCY of GABA channel opening

Definition

 

 

BZs 

Term

 

 

Increases DURATION of GABA channel opening 

Definition

 

Barbiturates

Term

 

 

Increases GABA by increasing Glutamic Dehydrogenase and inhibiting GABA transaminase

Definition
Term

 

 

Releases GABA from its neurons 

Definition

 

 

Gabapentin 

Term

 

What class of drugs (acc. to MOA)

 

papaverine, dipyridamole, amrinone, milrinone

Definition

 

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

(convert CGMP to 5'GMP)

 

*also include theophylline and aminophylline but I didn't include them bc it would give away the answer. 

Term

 

 

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor --> bronchodilation --> tx of neonatal apnea

Definition

 

Theophylline, aminophylline

Term

 

relaxation of s.m. in the corpus cavernosa = penile erection 

Definition

 

Papaverine 

Term

 

decreased platelet aggregation when used w/ aspirin

Definition

 

dipyridamole 

Term

 

increased cardiac dp/dt (tx of terminal CHF)

*used in ICU 

Definition

 

Amrinone and Milrinone

Term

 

Nitrate Vasodilator (nitroglycerin) & Na+ nitroprusside

MOA? 

Definition

 

Converted to NO which activates guanyl cylclase: CGMP relaxes arterial/venous VSM and inhibits platelet aggregation

Term

 

 

Sildenafil 

MOA? 

Definition

 

Causes erection by inhibiting the type V PDEase which degrades CGMP. 

 

Term

 

Digoxin

MOA? 

Definition

 

Increases dp/dt of myocytes by partially blocking the Na+/K+ ATPase -->outside/inside Na+ gradient decrs.--> less Ca+ is extruded and stored in SR --> the next depol results in greater release of Ca+ from SR

Term

 

Blocks Na+:K+:2CL- symporter in ascending limb of Henle's loop 

Definition

 

Furosemide & Ethacrynic Acid

Term

 

blocks  Na+:Cl- symporter in renal DT

Definition

 

Thiazide diuretic dx

Term

 

blocks

1) Na+ channels in principal cells of LDT/CD

2) H+ ion secretion from LDT/CD

Definition

 

Amiloride and Triamterene 

Term

 

Decreases H+ secretion in renal PT and DT by inhibiting CA

Definition

 

Acetazolamide

Term

 

Increased deposition of fibrillar collagen in the extracellular matrix of the heart. 

Definition

 

Aldosterone

*incrsd. basolateral ATPase, Na+ channels and Es (enzymes) for oxidative phosphorylation (ATP) in LDT/CD. 

Term

 

MOA of glucocorticoids= cortisone, hydrocortisone, prednisone, prednisolone

Definition

  • incrsd gene transcription for lipocortin [inhibits PLA2], IkB [inhibits NFkB], enzymes for gluconeogenesis. 
  • decrsd genes trancript for COX-2, IL-1, IL-6 in monocytes & macrophages, gene for NFkB, and E's for glycogen storage

Term

 

Block ATP binding site of the IkappaK kinase

-->prevents phosphorylation and subsequent dissociation of the inhibitory IkappaB from NFkB

--> block expression of inflammatory mediators

Definition

 

NSAIDs

Term

 

Stanozolol

Definition

 

Androgen Steroid NOT a Beta-blocker

 

Tx hereditary Angioedema: peripheral edema, abdominal pain and pot. fatal laryngeal edema)

Term

 

Increased erythropoesis and hepatic synthesis of C1 esterase inhibitor of complement

Definition

 

Androgens

Term

 

Increases hepatic protein synthesis=transcortin (CBG), TBG, angiotensinogen, transferrin, fibrinogen, and clotting factors 2, 7, 9, 10

Definition

 

 

Estrogens

Term

 

Paclitaxel and Docetaxel 

Definition

 

Cause the phosphorylation of the antiapoptosis gene Bcl-2

Term

 

Blocks binding of the ATP site of the tyrosine kinase in Chronic Myelogenous leukemia 

Definition

 

Imatinib

Term

 

Bortezomib

Trastuzumab

Cetuximab

 

**dx w/ underrepresented letters of the alphabet :) 

Definition

 

1) inhibits 26S proteasome --> NFkB not released

2) blocks EGFR by HER1/neu (ErbB-2) in breast CAs

3) blocks HER1 (ErbB-1) EGFR in colorectal CAs 

Term

 

Plasma Pseudocholinesterase Deficiency 

Definition

 

NMB by SuccCholine last hrs instead of minutes

 

Case: Procedure where pt given SuccCholine & pt does not start breathing in nl amount of time

Term

 

 

Aspiring Hypersensitivity in pts w/ nasal polyps

Definition

 

Aspiring and NSAIDs

*block PG synthesis --> shunts all arachidonic acid to leukotriene synthesis --> rhinoconjuctivitis, angioedema, urticaria. 

Term

 

Hemolytic Anemia produced by primaquine, isoniazid, sulfonamides, nitrofurantoin, or eating fava beans

Definition

 

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Term

 

Someone taking malaria meds (primaquine)

or antibiotics (sulfonamides) or ate fava beans develops hemolytic anemia, what do they have? 

Definition

 

 

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Term

 

SHIP drugs 

Definition

 

sulfapyridine: hemolytic & aplastic anemia, hep 

hydralazine: SLE like S/O

isoniazid: hep damage, peripheral neuropathy

Procainamide: SLE like S/O

Term

 

Pt takes volatile anesthetic + SuccCholine --> massive release of Ca+ = masseter muscle spasm

Definition

 

Malignant hyperthermia 

 

*incrsd BP, HR, muscle contraction w/ hyperthermia, lactic acidosis, and cardiac dysrhythmias

Term

 

Tx of Malignant hyperthermia 

Definition

 

Dantrolene Sodium 

 

*prevents release of Ca from the SR

Term

 

Rapid blockade of central DA receptors w/ the typical antipsychotic dx like haroperidol 

 

Definition

 

Neuroleptic Malignant S/O

* severe Parkinson's dx w/ catatonia=EPS, stupor, hyperthermia, incsd CPK, myoglobinuria, ARF

Term

 

tx of Neuroleptic Malignant S/O

Definition

 

 

Dantrolene Sodium (stops contraction) + bromocriptine (a D2 receptor agonist) 

Term

 

Favorite Inducers of CYP450

Definition

 

phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, nicotine, and chronic EtOH consumption

Term

 

Inhibitors of CYP450

Definition

 

erythromycin, cimetidine, ketoconazole

Term

 

Question w/ inhibitor of CYP450 and decreased clearance of Ca+ channel blocker 

Definition

 

Grapefruit juice 

Term

 

Rx to increased clearance of acidic drugs by making urine alkaline

Definition

 

Sodium Bicarbonate

Acetazolamide

Term

 

Make urine acidic to increase clearance of basic drugs 

Definition

 

Ammonium Chloride

Supporting users have an ad free experience!