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Shoulder girdle
shoulder girdle anatomy, and muscle functions
115
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
06/05/2012

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Term
OPEN MECHANICAL SYSTEM
Definition
RIGHT and LEFT sides are not directly attached
Term
4 SHOULDER GIRDLE ARTICULATIONS (JOINTS)
Definition
Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Coracoclavicular
Scapulothoracic
Term
WHAT SERVES AS ATTACHMENTS FOR SHOULDER JOINT MUSCLES?
Definition
Scapula
Clavicle
Humerus
Term
Humerus (long bone) is composed of
Definition
Head
Neck
Shaft
Term
Parts of the Proximal Humerus
Definition
Humeral Head
Greater Tubercle
Lesser Tubercle
Intertubecular Groove
Deltoid Tuberosity
Term
What does the clavicle do?
Definition
helps facilitate scapular motion
Term
Bony landmarks of the clavicle
Definition
Sternal end
Body
Trapezoid line
Conoid tubercle
Acromial end
Term
Primary function of the Scapula
Definition
provide muscle attachment sites for the shoulder muscles
Term
How many major muscles attach to the scapula
Definition
~15
Term
Bony landmarks of the scapula
Definition
Superior angle
Acromion process
Coracoid Process
Glenoid Fossa
Spine of scapula
Lateral border
Medial bored
Inferior angle
Term
Sternoclavicular Articulation (SC)
Definition
articulation between sternum and clavicle joint
-modified ball and socket joint
-site of most movement of shoulder girdle
*Elevation:Depression
*Protraction:Retraction
*Upward:Downward rotation
Term
How may degrees of freedom of the SC joint?
Definition
3
Term
Ligaments supporting SC joint
Definition
anterior sternoclavicular
posterior sternoclavicular
costoclavicular & interclavicular
Term
Acromioclavicular Joint (AC)
Definition
articulation between acromion process and distal end of clavicle
-motion most noticeable during arm elevation (shoulder abd)
Term
How is the bony support of the AC joint?
Definition
Weak
Term
Ligaments in AC joint
Definition
Superior acromioclavicular
Inferior acromioclavicular
Coracoacromial
Term
Coracoclavicular Joint
Definition
articulation between coracoid process of scapula and clavicle
-reinforcementof the weak AC joint
Term
How is the bony support of the Coracoclavicular joint?
Definition
Weak (non-existent)
Term
Ligaments of the coracoclavicular joint
Definition
Coracoclavicular
-conoid & trezoid
Term
Scapulothoracic joint
Definition
articulation between the anterior surface of the scapula (scapular fossa) and the thoracic wall
-spported dynamically by muscles
-NO ligamentous support
Term
Function of Scapulothoracic joint
Definition
-stabilize shoulder region during lifting (shrugging)
-facilitates overhead movements through elevation and upward rotation
Term
Shoulder Girdle Movements
Definition
Abduction
Adduction
Downward rotation
Upward rotation
Elevation
Depression
Term
Abduction (protraction)
Definition
scapula moves laterally away from spinal column
Term
Adduction (retraction)
Definition
scapula moves medially toward spinal column
Term
Downward rotation
Definition
returning inferior angle inferomedially toward spinal column & glenoid fossa to normal position
Term
Upward rotation
Definition
Turning glenoid fossa upward & moving inferior angle superolaterally away from spinal column
Term
Depression
Definition
downward or inferior movement (returning to normal position)
Term
Elevation
Definition
Upward or superior movement (shrugging shoulders)
Term
Function of shoulder girdle muscles
Definition
-stabilize scapula so shoulder joint muscles will have a stable base from which to exert force for moving the humerus
-contract to maintainscapula in a relatively static position during shoulder joint actions
-contract to move shoulder girdle & to enhance movement of UE when shoulder goes through extreme ROM
Term
As shoulder joint goes through extreme ranges of motion, scapular muscles contract to move shoulder girdle so that...?
Definition
its glenoid fossa will be in a more appropriate position from which the humerus can move
Term
Without the accompanying scapula movement, the humerus can only be raised how?
Definition
approx 90 degress of total shoulder abduction & flexion
Term
Synergy between scapula & shoulder joint muscles enhance what?
Definition
movement of entire UE
Term
Scapulohumeral Rhythm definition
Definition
scapula rotation to facilitate shoulder abduction
Term
Scapulohumeral rhythm degrees of abduction
Definition
First 30 of abduction =little scapular rotation (shoulder = 30, scapula ~6)
Beyond 30: For every 2 degress of shoulder movement, scapula rotates 1 degree
Term
Scapulohumeral Rhythm ratio
Definition
2:1
Term
Shoulder Girdle Muscles
Definition
Levator Scapulae
Trapezius
Rhomboids
Serratus Anterior
Pectoralis Minor
Term
Origin and insertion of 5 shoulder girdle muscles
Definition
Originate on axial skeleton
Insert on scapular and/or clavicle
(DO NOT attach to humerus & DO NOT cause shoulder joint action)
Term
Causes elevation of the shoulder girdle
Definition
Rhomboids
Trapezius
Levator Scapulae
Term
Causes Depression of shoulder girdle
Definition
Trapezius
Pectoralis Minor
Term
Causes Adduction (Retraction) of shoulder girdle
Definition
Rhomboids
Trapezius
Levator Scapulae
Term
Causes Abduction (Protraction) of shoulder
Definition
Serratus Anterior
Pectoralis Minor
Term
Causes Downward Rotation
Definition
Rhomboids
Pectoralis Minor
Levator Scapulae
Term
Causes Upward Rotation
Definition
Trapezius
Serratus Anterior
Term
Upper fibers of Trapezius Muscle
Definition
Elevation of scapula
Upward rotation
Term
Middle fibers of Trapezius Muscle
Definition
Elevation
Adduction (retraction)
Term
Lower fibers of Trapezius Muscle
Definition
Depression
Adduction (retraction)
Upward rotation
Term
Actions of Levator Scapulae Muscle
Definition
Primary: Elevation
Secondary: Downward rotation
Term
Actions of the Rhomboid Muscle (major & minor)
Definition
Primary: Adduction (retraction)
Secondary: Elevation
Downward rotation
Term
Actions of the Serratus Anterior (punching muscle)
Definition
Primary: Abduction (protraction)
Secondary: Upward rotation
Depression of scapula
Term
Actions of the Pectoralis Minor Muscle
Definition
Primary: Depression
Abduction (protraction)
Secondary: Downward Rotation
Term
Actions of the Subclavius Muscle
Definition
Primary: Stabilization & protection of sternoclavicular joint

Secondary: Depression
Abduction
Term
Scapula Abduction/Protraction AGONISTS(push-up & bench press upward phase)
Definition
Pectoralis Minor
Serratus anterior
Term
Scapula Adduction/Retraction AGONISTS
Definition
Middle Trapezius
Rhomboids
Term
Scapula Upward Rotation AGONISTS (reaching arm over and across the head)
Definition
Middle Trapezius
Lower Trapezius
Serratus Anterior
Term
Scapula Downward Rotation AGONISTS (Lat pull downs)
Definition
Pectoralis Minor
Rhomboids
Term
Scapula Elevation AGONISTS (shoulder shrugs)
Definition
Rhomboid
Levator Scapulae
Traps
Term
Scapula Depression AGONISTS
Definition
Lower Trapezius
Pectoralis Minor
Term
Pronation of the foot is a combination of?
Definition
ankle dorsiflexion
subtalar eversion
forefoot abduction (toe-out)
Term
Supination of the foot is a combo of?
Definition
ankle plantarflexion
subtalar inversion
forefoot adduction (toe-in)
Term
how many muscle compartments of the foot
Definition
4
Term
4 compartments of the leg and what they do
Definition
Anterior compartment - dorsiflexors
Lateral compartment - evertors
Superficial posterior compartment -plantarflexors
Deep posterior compartment - plantarflexors & invertors (tom, dick and harry)
Term
Plantar flexors
Definition
-Gastroc
-Flexor digitorum longus
-Flexor Hallucis longus
-Peroneus (fibularis) longus
-Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
-Plantaris
-Soleus
-Tibialis Posterior
Term
Dorsiflexors
Definition
-tibialis anterior
-peroneus (fibularis) tertius
-extensor digitorum longus
-extensor hallucis longus
Term
Evertors
Definition
-peroneus (fibularis) longus
-peroneus (fibularis) brevis
-peroneus (fibularis) tertius
-extensor digitorum longs
Term
Invertors
Definition
-tibialis anterior
-tibialis posterior
-flexor digitorum longus
-flexor hallucis longus
Term
Anterior compartment of leg
Definition
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Peroneus (fibularis) tertius
Term
Lateral compartment of leg
Definition
Peroneus (fibularis) longus
Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
Term
Deep posterior compartment of leg
Definition
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior
Term
Superficial posterior compartment
Definition
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Term
Medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius originate where?
Definition
femoral condyles
Term
Primary function of gastroc
Definition
Ankle plantarflexion
Term
along with plantarflexion, helps with knee flexion
Definition
Gastroc
Term
Primary function of soleus
Definition
ankle plantar flexion
Term
Primary function of Peroneus longus (fibularis) muscle
Definition
Foot eversion
Forefoot abduction
Term
along with foot eversion and forefoot abduction, also assists with ankle plantarflexion
Definition
Peroneus longus (fibularis) muscle
Term
Primary function of Peroneus Brevis (fibularis) muscle
Definition
Foot eversion
Term
Along with foot eversion, also assists with ankle plantarflexion
Definition
Pernoeus brevis (fibularis) muscle
Term
Primary function of Peroneus Tertius (fibularis) muscle
Definition
Ankle dorsifleion
Foot eversion
Term
Primary function of Extensor digitorum longus muscle
Definition
-Extension of 4 lesser toes at MTP, PIP, DIP
-Foot eversion
Term
Along with extension of 4 lesser toes at MTP, PIP, and DIP joints, and foot eversion, also involved with ankle dorsiflexion
Definition
Extensor digitorum longus
Term
Primary function of Extensor Hallucis longus
Definition
-Extension of great toe at MTP, and IP joints
-Forefoot adduction
Term
along with extension of great toe at MTP, and IP joints and forefoot adduction, assists with ankle dorsiflexion, and weak foot inversion
Definition
Extensor hallucis longus
Term
Primary function of Tibialis anterior muscle
Definition
ankle dorsiflexion
foot inversion
Term
Primary function of Tibialis posterior
Definition
Foot eversion
Term
along with foot eversion, assists with ankle plantarflexion
Definition
Tibialis posterior muscle
Term
Primary function of Flexor digitorum longus muscle
Definition
Flexion of 4 lesser toes at MTP, PIP, and DIP joints
Term
along with flexion of 4 lesser toes, also assists with ankle plantarflexion and foot inversion
Definition
flexor digitorum longus muscle
Term
Primary function of Flexor Hallucis longus
Definition
-Flexion of great toe at MTP, and IP joints
-forefoot adduction
Term
along with flexion of great toe and forefoot adduction, assists with ankle plantarflexion and foot inversion
Definition
Flexor hallucis longus
Term
Ankle dorsal Flexion muscles:
Definition
PRIMARY:
Tibialis anterior
Peroneus tertius
SECONDARY:
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Term
Ankle plantarflexion
Definition
gastroc
soleus
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
plantaris
Term
transverse tarsal & subtalar inversion
Definition
-tibialis anterior
-tibialis posterior
-flexor digitorum longus
-flexor hallucis longus
Term
Transverse tarsal & subtalar eversion
Definition
-Extensor digitorum longus
-Peroneus longus
-Peroneus brevis
-Peroneus tertius
Term
Toe flexors
Definition
-flexor hallucis longus
-flexor digitorum longus
Term
Toe extensors
Definition
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Term
4 plantar compartments of the intrinsic muscles of the foot
Definition
-Superficial layer
-2nd layer
-3rd layer
-Deep layer
Term
intrinsic muscles divided into which 5 areas
Definition
4 plantar compartments
dorsal layer
Term
Superficial layer of intrinsic muscles include what?
Definition
abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor digiti minimi
Term
Second layer of intrinsic muscle include what?
Definition
Quadratus plantae
Lumbricales (4)
Term
Third layer of intrinsic muscle include what?
Definition
Flexor hallicus brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Term
Deep layer of intrinsic muscles of the foot include?
Definition
Plantar interossei (3)
Dorsal interossei (4)
Term
Dorsal layer of the intrinsic muscles include?
Definition
Extensor digitorum brevis
Term
4 muscles that act on the great toe
Definition
Abductor hallucis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Extensor digitorum brevis
Term
Function of abductor hallucis
Definition
-abduction of great toe
-assist flexor hallucis brevis in flexing great toe at MTP joint
Term
Function of adductor hallucis
Definition
adduction & flexion of MTP joint of great toe
Term
Function of flexor hallucis brevis
Definition
flexion of MTP joint of great toe
Term
Function of extensor digitorum brevis
Definition
-extension of great toe at MTP joint
-extension of MTP, PIP, & DIP joints of 3 medial lesser toes
Term
Function of the 4 lumbricales of the foot
Definition
flexion of the lesser toes at MTP joints
Term
Function of the 3 plantar interossei
Definition
Adduction fo the MTP joints of 3 lateral lesser toes
Term
Function of the 4 dorsal interossei
Definition
-Adduction of the MTP joint of 2nd toe
-Abduction of the MTP joints of the lesser toes
-Flexion of MTP joints of the lesser 4 toes
-Extension of the DIP & PIP joints of the lesser 4 toes
Term
Function of the Quadratus Plantae
Definition
flexion of the DIP joints of the lesser toes
Term
Function of the flexor digitorum brevis
Definition
flexion of the MTP and PIP joints of the lesser toes
Term
Which two muscles act ONLY on the pink toe
Definition
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digit minimi brevis
Term
Function of the Abductor digiti minimi
Definition
Abduction and flexion of the MTP joint of the little toe
Term
Function of the flexor digiti minimi brevis
Definition
flexion of the MTP joint of the little toe
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